Antioxidants Bone marrow

D12. Durken, M., Agbenu, J., Finckh, B., Hubner, C., Pilchmeier, U., Zeller, W., Winkler, K., Zander, A., and Kohlschutter, A., Deteriorating free radical-trapping capacity and antioxidant status in plasma during bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 15, 757-762 (1995). 

The clastogenic effects of male Swiss albino mice fed chromium(VI) trioxide (20 mg/kg body weight) by gavage were studied after 24 hours, bone marrow cells were isolated and 500 metaphase plates were scored for chromosomal aberrations (Sarkar et al. 1993). The treated cells showed a significant increase in aberrations per cell over controls by 4.4-fold. When animals were treated simultaneously with chlorophyllin (1.5 mg/kg), a sodium-copper derivative of chlorophyll and an antioxidant, numbers of aberrations were reduced to nearly background levels. 

Kong CT, Holt DE, Ma SK, Lie AK, Chan LC. Effects of antioxidants and a caspase inhibitor on chloramphenicol-induced toxicity of human bone marrow and HL-60 cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2000 19(9) 503-10. 

Many chemicals currently used as food additives are genotoxic. One study reports 39 different chemicals, including those that are colorants, preservatives, antioxidants, fungicides, and sweeteners, are genotoxic to stomach, colon, liver, kidney, bladder, lung, brain, and bone marrow tissues in test animals. ... 

N.A., and Fraga, C., Higher oxidation and lower antioxidant levels in peripheral blood plasma and bone marrow plasma from advanced cancer patients. Cancer, 94, 3247, 2002. 

The mechanism whereby vitamin E controls the rate of DNA biosynthesis remains to be elucidated. The effect may be an indirect one related to the extent of repair processes in the dystrophic muscle and to infiltration with other cell types. Certain observations suggest that this is not the complete explanation. It has been found that in genetically dystrophic mice (Michelson et al., 1955), which exhibit muscle pathology similar to that observed in vitamin E-deficient rabbits, the rate of synthesis of skeletal muscle DNA is not increased (Girkin et al., 1962). The increased rate of DNA biosynthesis in bone marrow of vitamin E-deficient monkeys and the appearance of multinucleated cells which promptly disappear following therapy with vitamin E suggest that the vitamin exerts some more direct effect on DNA biosynthesis. These observations cannot be readily explained on the basis of an antioxidant effect of vitamin E. 

Low-dose irradiation with 50 cGy of X-ray induced in vivo production of superoxide dismutase-like substances and accelerated antioxidant activity in liver, brain and bone marrow of male C57BL/6 mice (Yamaoka et al. 1999). 

The intake of antioxidant food sources by these individuals was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire at baseline. In 10 years later after that, their cartilage volume, bone area, cartilage defects and bone marrow lesions were assessed approximately using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 

Umegaki, K., Hashimoto, M., Yamasaki, H., Fujii, Y., Yoshimura, M., Sugisawa, A., and Shinozuka, K., Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation-increased oxidative damage in bone marrow DNA in aged rats and its relation to antioxidant vitamins. Free Radio. Res., 34, 427 35, 2001. 

Kadhim, M.A., Lorimore, S.A., Hepburn, M.D., et al., 1994. a-Particle-induced chromosomal instability in human bone marrow cells. Lancet 344, 987-988. Kavanagh, J.N., Redmond, K.M., Schettino, G., et al., 2013. DNA double strand break repair a radiation perspective. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 18 (18), 2458-2472. 

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