Liquid Hand Soaps

The wax glycol distearate is added to make shampoos opaque and pearlescent. It has tiny flakes that mix well with surfactants, and stay in solution. They also add shear-thinning qualities, making liquid hand soaps pump out of the bottle more easily. 

One of the most widely used antimicrobial products today is 2,4,4 -trichloro-2 -hydroxydiphenyl ether, known more commonly as triclosan (Fig. 15. Id). Triclosan finds extensive use in mouthwashes, toothpastes, liquid hand soaps, deodorant products, and the like. Although it is effective against most bacteria, it has poor antifungal properties. Triclosan is also important as a textile finish, but since its water solubility is very low, aqueous application requires use of dispersing agents and binders. 

Amphosol [Stepan]. (cocamidopropyl betaine) TM for chemical used in shampoos, liquid hand soap, bubble bath, thickeners, and foam enhancers. 

New liquid hand soap products introduced to the market in the last decade continue to focus on superior cleaning plus antibacterial and skin moisturizing benefits. Triclosan is the universal choice of antimicrobial agent for these products. 

Antibacterial LDLD compositions are regulated by the FDA in the U.S. The reason is because they are positioned as antibacterial liquid hand soaps. ... 

Figure 11.1 and Figure 11.2 show some representative commercial liquid hand soap and liquid body wash/shower gel products from around the world. 

FIG. 11.1 Commercial liquid hand soap products from around the world. 

TABLE 11.1 Typical Liquid Hand Soap and Body Wash Composition... 

Table 11.2 lists the surfactants commonly used in liquid hand soap and body wash. 

Table 11.3 lists a number of skin conditioning agents used in some major brands of liquid hand soaps or shower gels. 

Liquid hand soap and body wash products are typically formulated in a thick liquid or gel form. Consumers look for the convenience in dispensing these products but they should not be runny or slip through the fingers. The viscosity of liquid hand... 

There are a number of laboratory tests used by formulators to evaluate the various aspects of liquid hand soap or shower gel products. These include the evaluation of physical properties and various performance attributes. To validate the design of the product, consumer tests are usually necessary. Barel et al. [5] present an extensive and detailed discussion of various test methods and performance evaluations for cosmetic products. Most of these test methods also apply to liquid hand soap and shower gel. 

The key physical properties for liquid hand soap and shower gel products that need to be defined and characterized are rheology, lather, pH, and color. 

In the laboratory, lather properties of liquid hand soap and shower gel are measured as flash foam (speed of foam generation), maximum foam (quantity and stability), and foam creaminess (drainage time). 

The dyes used in shower gel and liquid hand soap formulations are required by regulations in U.S. and Europe to be FD C (food, drug, and cosmetic) or D C (drug and cosmetic). Generally, two or three dyes are blended together to obtain a desired color. Initial color is then measured using conventional instruments such... 

A consumer validation of the various benefits of shower gel and liquid hand soap formulations, evaluated in the various tests mentioned above, is critical to the success of the product in the marketplace. The consumer test not only provides this validation, but it also provides much more valuable information, such as consumer likes and dislikes about product attributes and aesthetics and purchase intent. 

The basic requirements for a liquid hand soap or body wash/shower gel product are listed in Table 11.4. The formulation of these kinds of products starts with the consideration to satisfy these basic requirements. 

TABLE 11.4 Basic Requirements for a Liquid Hand Soap or Body Wash/Shower Gel... 

Comply with government regulations if the product is regulated, such as antibacterial liquid hand soap Competitive cost... 

An extensive list of shower gel and liquid hand soap formulations can be found in... 

For liquid hand soap, new products introduced to the market in the last decade continue to focus on superior cleaning plus antibacterial and skin moisturization benefits. Some new benefits introduced to liquid body wash products, as discussed below, have also been extended to hand soaps such as Softsoap s Aromatherapy Hand Soap by Colgate-Palmolive. Table 11.9 lists some representative liquid hand soap products on the market around the world and the benefits these products claim. 

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