Ammonium carbonate sulphate

A determination of dimethyl sulphoxide by Dizdar and Idjakovic" is based on the fact that it can cause changes in the visible absorption spectra of some metal compounds, especially transition metals, in aqueous solution. In these solutions water and sulphoxide evidently compete for places in the coordination sphere of the metal ions. The authors found the effect to be largest with ammonium ferric sulphate, (NH4)2S04 Fe2(S04)3T2H20, in dilute acid and related the observed increase in absorption at 410 nm with the concentration of dimethyl sulphoxide. Neither sulphide nor sulphone interfered. Toma and coworkers described a method, which may bear a relation to this group displacement in a sphere of coordination. They reacted sulphoxides (also cyanides and carbon monoxide) with excess sodium aquapentacyanoferrate" (the corresponding amminopentacyanoferrate complex was used) with which a 1 1 complex is formed. In the sulphoxide determination they then titrated spectrophotometrically with methylpyrazinium iodide, the cation of which reacts with the unused ferrate" complex to give a deep blue ion combination product (absorption maximum at 658 nm). 

Almonds Brown rot Greasy spot Altemaria alternata Xanthomonas arboricola Copper ammonium carbonate, copper sulphate... 

Tomatoes Blight Phytophthora infestans Bordeaux mixture, copper ammonium carbonate, copper oxychloride, copper sulphate + sulphur... 

Brines are also cone, by evaporation under reduced press., i.e. in what are called vacuum fans heated by steam, and specially designed to eliminate difficulties arising from the tendency of the brine to deposit a hard scale or crust of calcium salts. In some cases, the magnesium salts are first precipitated as magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2, by the addition of milk of lime, and the calcium sulphate subsequently removed by precipitation as carbonate by the addition of ammonium carbonate liquors. The decanted liquor is then cone, in vacuum pans. 

Ammonium chloride is also formed by the action of hydrochloric acid on a soln. of ammonia or ammonium carbonate J. G. Qentele 5 made it by the double decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate and sodium, magnesium, calcium, and other chlorides H. J. E. Hennebutte and E. Mesnard, and A. Dubose and M. Heuzey, made it by the action of ammonium bicarbonate or sulphate on the double chloride of iron and calcium and it is made by the action of soln. of ammonium sulphate and sodium chloride when the soln. is cone, the crystals of sodium sulphate separate out and they are removed by suitable shovels the cone. soln. of ammonium chloride which remains is purified by crystallization. Ammonium chloride can also be obtained by sublimation from a dry intimate mixture of the same two salts. A. French made it by the joint action of air and steam on a mixture of salt, pyrites, and carbon or organic matter 2NaCl+4H20-j-S02+C-j-N2=2NH4Cl-i-Na2S04-i-C02. 

According to H. Rose,47 dry powdered ammonium chloride at 0° absorbs the vapour of sulphur trioxide without decomposition, forming a hard mass which, when heated, first develops hydrogen chloride, and forms ammonium sulphate— it has been suggested that the product may be ammonium chloropyro-sulphate, NH4.0.S205C1. With carbon monoxide at a red heat, C. Stammer observed no changes, but with calcium carbide, R. Salvadori obtained calcium chloride, nitrogen, ammonia, carbon, and a series of hydrocarbons—methane, ethylene, and acetylene. 

Ammonium carbonate is prepared on a large scale by distilling an intimate mixture of ammonium sulphate with twice its weight of chalk in cylindrical cast-iron vessels, 7 to 10 ft. long and 1J ft. diameter, and fitted with movable leaden covers at each end. Several retorts are heated in one furnace. The vapours from the- retorts are led into stone chambers where the carbonate,is deposited as a crust... 

This salt was discovered by J. R. Glauber 1 in 1659 he prepared it by the action of nitric acid on volatile alkali—ammonium carbonate—and called it nitrum jlammans. Ammonium nitrate is an artificial product, its occurrence in nature is quite exceptional. Ammonium nitrate, sulphate, and carbonate occur in small quantities in the atm. from which they are carried by rain and snow to the surface waters of the earth. A. Bobierre 2 measured the amount, month by month, in the air of Nantes R. A. Smith determined the amount in the air of towns, etc., in Great Britain C. Ochsenius, in the air of Paris and A. Levy, and F. Fischer,... 

Beryllium Basic Carbonate. Add a saturated ammonium carbonate solution dropwise to 4-5 ml of beryllium sulphate. Explain the precipitation of a substance and its dissolution in an excess amount of the reactant. Write the equations of the reactions. Boil the solution. Explain the appearance of a precipitate when the solution is boiled. What is its composition ... 

A classical paper on the composition of the explosion products of blackpowder and of the heat of reaction was published by Bunsen and Shishkov [41]. They ascertained that the gases formed constitute 31% of the charge and contain approximately 50% C02,40% N2,4% CO and lesser amounts (0.5-1.5%) of H2,02, H2S. Solid products consist of potassium carbonate, sulphate, thiosulphate, sulphide and nitrate with traces of potassium rhodanate, sulphur and carbon. These authors also detected the presence of ammonium carbonate. 

It was prepared by Berzelius as early as 1812 [50] by treating lead nitrite with ammonium sulphate. Later M. Berthelot [50] obtained it by acting with barium nitrite on ammonium sulphate. Erdmann and Sorensen [50] prepared it by acting with dinitrogen tetroxide on coarsely ground ammonium carbonate near 0°C. Ammonium nitrite cannot be obtained from its aqueous solution, as it decomposes on evaporating. 

Sulphates. — Dissolve 5 gm. of ammonium carbonate in 100 cc. of water and 10 cc. of hydrochloric acid, heat the solution to boiling, and add barium chloride solution. No precipitate of barium sulphate should form on standing twelve hours. 

Normal carbonates of vanadium are unknown. An unstable ammonium vanadyl carbonate, of composition 3(NH4)2C0S.7V02.5C02. 16H20, has been obtained in small, violet crystals by the addition of ammonium carbonate to a neutral solution of vanadyl sulphate.4... 

After being strongly ignited, niobium pentoxide becomes insoluble in all acids other than hydrofluoric acid, but is dissolved by molten potassium hydrogen sulphate, ammonium hydrogen sulphate, and borax. It is also insoluble in solutions of alkalis, but is converted into the alkali niobates by fusion with alkali hydroxides and carbonates. 

To determine the alkalies, another 200 c.c. of the liquid are evaporated to dryness, the residue being gently calcined and taken up in water and hydrochloric acid, and the non-alkali metals eliminated by means of ammonia and ammonium carbonate.1 The filtrate is evaporated to dryness with a little sulphuric acid and the residue heated to expel the ammonium salts and then weighed this gives the sodium and potassium sulphates together. If required, the two metals may be determined separately (see Fertilisers, Vol. I, pp. 124 and 135). 

The pigment is treated with hydrochloric acid effervescence indicates copper or calcium carbonate any insoluble residue may contain barium sulphate, gypsum (in large quantity), lead sulphate or clay, which may be identified by the usual methods. The solution is treated with excess of ammonium carbonate if a precipitate forms, it is tested especially for alumina, lime and magnesia. 

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