Ammonium bicarbonate

White crystalline solid deliquescent melts at 114°C decomposes at elevated temperatures density 1.17 g/cm at 20°C, density of a 10% solution 1.022 g/mL, and a 50% solution 1.092 g/mL very soluble in cold water (1,480 g/L at 4°C) also soluble in cold alcohol and acetone (78.9 g/L in methanol at 15°C) solution loses ammonia on standing and becomes acidic. 

Ammonium acetate is made by exact neutralization of acetic acid with ammonia to neutral pH (pH 7)  

Instead of aqueous solutions, hot glacial acetic acid and anhydrous ammonia may be used. Ammonium acetate also is prepared by reaction of acetic acid with ammonium carbonate  

Ammonium acetate forms an acid salt, ammonium acetate double salt, with hot acetic acid  

The acid salt readily dissolves in water and melts at 66°C. 

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Synthetic manganese carbonate is made from a water-soluble Mn (IT) salt, usually the sulfate, by precipitation with an alkafl or ammonium carbonate. The desired degree of product purity determines the quaUty of manganese sulfate and the form of carbonate to be used. For electronic-grade material, where the content of K O and Na20 cannot exceed 0.1% each, the MnSO is specially prepared from manganese metal, and ammonium bicarbonate is used (26) (see Electronic materials). After precipitation, the MnCO is filtered, washed free of excess carbonate, and then, to avoid undesirable oxidation by O2, dried carefljlly at a maximum temperature of 120°C. 

The earliest mention of an ammonium carbonate, salt of hartshorn, appears in English manuscripts of the 14th century. As the name implies, the material was obtained by dry distillation of animal waste such as horn, leather, and hooves. Although many salts have been described in the Hterature for the ternary NH —CO2—H2O system, most, except for ammonium bicarbonate [1066-33-7], NH HCO, ammonium carbonate [506-87-6], (NH 2 02, and ammonium carbamate [1111-78-0], NH4CO2NH2, are mixtures (5,6). 

Ammonium bicarbonate, also known as ammonium hydrogen carbonate or ammonium acid carbonate, is easily formed. However, it decomposes below its melting point, dissociating into ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water. If this process is carefully controlled, these compounds condense to reform ammonium bicarbonate. The vapor pressures of dry ammonium bicarbonate are shown below (7). (To convert kPa to mm Hg, multiply by 7.5.)... 

Ammonium bicarbonate, sp gr 1.586, formula wt 79.06, is the only compound in the NH —CO2—H2O system that dissolves in water without decomposition. SolubiUty in 100 g of H2O ranges from 11.9 g at 0°C to 59.2 g/100 g of H2O at 60°C (8). The heat of formation from gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide andUquid water is 126.5 kj/mol (30.2 kcal/mol). Ammonium bicarbonate is manufactured by passing carbon dioxide gas... 

Ammonium bicarbonate is produced as both food and standard grade and the available products are normally very pure. Although purification is possible by sublimation at low temperatures, it is more economical to prepare the desired product directiy by using ammonia and carbon dioxide of high purity. 

For thicker layers of scale, alternate treatments using dilute hydrochloric acid appear desirable (9). The price of ammonium bicarbonate in June 1991 was about 0.72/kg its DOT number is NA9081. 

Other bicarbonates of considerable commercial importance are ammonium bicarbonate [1066-33-7] and potassium bicarbonate [298-14-6]. These compounds are decomposed by the oven heat, Hberating ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water to faciUtate leavening action. Their uses are limited to low moisture products such as cookies and crackers. 

The phosphate solution is acidic. Continuous human contact or splashing of bath solution must be avoided, and hands or skin washed clean with a dilute solution of I-2% of ammonium bicarbonate. 

AMMO 2.5 EC , cypermetlu-in, 13 Ammonia, 13 Ammonium acetate, 13 Ammonium arsenate, 13 Ammonium benzoate, 13 Ammonium bicarbonate, 13 Ammonium bifluoride, 14 Ammonium bisulfite, 14 Ammonium carbamate, 14 Ammonium carbonate, 14 Ammonium chloride, 14 Ammonium chlorplatmate, 14 Ammonium clu omate, 14 Ammonium citrate, 14 Ammonium diclu omate, 14 Ammonium fluoride, 14 Ammonium fomiate, 15 Ammonium hexafluorosilicate, 15 Ammonium hydroxide, 15 Ammonium metavanadate, 15 Ammonium molybdate, 15 Ammonium nitrate, 15 Ammonium oxalate, 15 Ammonium perfluorooctanoate, 15 Ammonium persulfate, 15 Ammonium phosphate, 15 Ammonium picrate, 16 Ammonium salicylate, 16... 

Ammonium acetate Ammonium adipate Ammonium benzoate Ammonium bicarbonate Ammonium biflluoride Ammonium binoxalate Ammonium bisulfate Ammonium bitartrate Ammonium tetraborate Ammonium bromide Ammonium carbonate Ammonium chloride Ammonium citrate Ammonium diclnomate Ammonium fluoride Ammonium fluorosilicate Ammonium gluconate Ammonium iodide Ammonium molybdate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium oxalate Ammonium perchlorate Ammonium picrate Ammonium polysulfide Ammonium salicylate Ammonium stearate Ammonium sulfate Ammonium sulfide (hydrosulfide) Ammonium tartrate Ammonium tliiocyanate Ammonium thiosulfate... 

Ammonium bicarbonate/ammonium hydroxide/ oxygen. This method is an improvement on the earlier methods because the degree of oxidation can be regulated. It is tailored for those situations in which large amounts of copper and copper oxides must be removed. Also, there is no need to reduce the spent cleaner before discharge. 

Fig. 5 Microspheres manufactured from the polyelectrolyte complex of chitosan carbamate and ammonium alginate in ammonium bicarbonate solution. Muzzarelli, original data, 2004...

Common acidic ingredients include vinegar, lemon juice, sour milk, buttermilk, yogurt, tart fruits, and cream of tartar. Commercial bakeries often use ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate as a leavening agent. The gas-producing reaction with ammonium bicarbonate actually generates both carbon dioxide gas and ammonia gas ... 

Barbarick K.A., Workman S.M. Ammonium bicarbonate-DTPA and DTPA extractions of sludge-amended soil. J Environ Qual 1987 16 125-130. 

A study of by Palmer-Toy et al.,12 summarized in Table 19.1, provides further empirical evidence of the utility of techniques coupling heating with efficient protein extraction for the proteomic analysis of FFPE tissue. A specimen from a patient with chronic stenosing external otitis was divided in half and preserved as fresh-frozen tissue or FFPE. Ten micromolar sections of the FFPE tissue were vortexed in heptane to deparaffinize the tissue and were then co-extracted with methanol. The methanol layer was evaporated, and the protein residue was resuspended in 2% SDS/lOOmM ammonium bicarbon-ate/20mM dithiothreitol (DTT), pH 8.5 and heated at 70°C for lh. After tryptic digestion, 123 total confident proteins were identified in the FFPE tissue, compared to 94 proteins identified from the fresh-frozen tissue. Hwang et al. also reported up to a fivefold increase in protein extraction efficiency for samples extracted in a Tris-HCl/2% SDS/1% Triton X-100/1% deoxycholate solution at 94°C for 30 min versus samples extracted in 100 mM ammonium bicarbonate/30% acetonitrile at the same temperature.14... 

Prepare a solution of TCPK-trypsin in 50 mM ammonium bicarbonate, pH 8.0, at a concentration of 100 ng/pl. Add 10 pi of the trypsin solution to every 10 pg of combined, labeled protein solution from Step 6. Incubate at 37°C for 12-16 hours or overnight with mixing. 

Chemical blowing agents undergo decomposition at the vulcanisation temperature to form a gaseous species such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide, e.g., azo compounds, nitroso compounds, sulphonyl hydrazide compounds, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate. 

Other inorganic blowing agents used are ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate which produce mostly carbon dioxide with a small amount of ammonia. 

When VIII was treated with sodium (or ammonium) bicarbonate,69 a crystalline compound was obtained which showed chemical properties simi-... 

A.3 Ammonium Bicarbonate. Ammonium bicarbonate is more popular in the USA than in the UK. It is often used as a supplementary leavening, particularly in biscuits and crackers. While it is stable... 

Because ammonium bicarbonate can produce so much gas, precautions must be taken to ensure that it is uniformly distributed throughout the product lest large voids should appear in the finished item. The practical solution to this problem is to make a solution of ammonium bicarbonate in warm water and add that to the mixer rather than adding the solid with the other ingredients. 

The ammonia produced by ammonium bicarbonate will expand the product successfully. However, as ammonia is water soluble, if the moisture content of the product exceeds around 5% the water will dissolve some of the ammonia, giving an ammonia taste. 

There are exceptions to this rule as ammonium bicarbonate is successfully used in eclairs and other choux pastry products. It seems that the thin walls, large internal cavity and high baking temperature combined allow the ammonia to be driven off. 

When carbon dioxide is passed into a nearly saturated solution of sodium chloride containing some ammonia, ammonium bicarbonate is formed. The heart of the process is the exploitation of the equilibrium between this bicarbonate and sodium and ammonium chlorides NH4HC03 + NaCl NaHC03 + NH4C1... 

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