Ammonia cleaners

A sample of an ammonia cleaner has a pH of 10. If the two samples are combined, what ratio by volume of lemon juice to ammonia cleaner is needed to yield a neutral solution ... 

Ammonia is used in the production of several chemicals to make nylon adipic acid, hexa-methylene diamine, and caprolactam. It is used to treat metals in annealing, nitriding, and descaling. Ammonia is an excellent fungicide that is used to treat citric fruit. It is also used to increase the nitrogen content of crops used as feed for livestock. Ammonia dissolves readily in water to produce aqueous ammonia or ammonium hydroxide NH + 2 < > NH4+(a(i) + OH (ahydroxide ions shows that ammonia acts as a base in aqueous solution. Concentrated aqueous solutions contain 35% ammonia. Household ammonia cleaners contain between 5% and 10% ammonia. 

An ordinary household ammonia cleaner is an aqueous solution of ammonia gas with a hydroxide-ion concentration of 4.0 x Calculate pOH and pH of a typical cleaner at 298 K. 

Not all mixtures that are toxic to the respiratory system are mixtures of lipophiles and hydrophiles. In some instances, irritant chemicals react to produce more toxic species. Chloramine-induced pneumonitis from the mixing of household ammonia and bleach is an example of this phenomenon. 100 101 Household ammonia cleaner is usually a 5-10% aqueous solution of ammonia. Household bleach is generally a 5.25% solution of sodium hypochlorite. At these concentrations, these chemicals alone act as respiratory irritants. When mixed together, however, they react to form monochloroamine, dichloroamine, and trichloroamine as shown in Fig. 17.1. Chloramines are far more toxic than either hypochlorite or ammonia and are capable of producing inflammation and edema of the respiratory system. Case 14 is an example of the toxicity of chloramines. 

Ammonia Cleaner Write the chemical equation and fC), expression for the ionization of ammonia in water. How is it safe for a window cleaner to use a solution of ammonia, which is basic ... 

Isopropa.nola.mines. Reaction of propylene oxide with ammonia yields mono-, di-, and triisopropanolamines. These products find use as soluble oils and solvents, emulsifiers, waterless hand cleaners, cosmetics, cleaners, and detergents. In industrial apphcations isopropanolamines are used in adhesives, agricultural products, corrosion inhibitors, coatings, epoxy resins, metalworking, and others (51). 

Typically, HC1 is added first, then drained, and the boiler rinsed with hot water. Next, one or another of these cleaners is added at 0.5% strength or 1 lb per lb of copper to be removed, and allowed to soak for 6 hours at 160 to 170 °F (71-77 °C). Draining and rinsing again is necessary, followed by passivation, although the ammonia, which prevents the copper from replating, confers some degree of passivation. 

All chemicals, whether inorganic or organic, are either acidic, basic, or neutral. An example of an inorganic acid is sulfuric acid used in automobile batteries, while the acetic acid found in vinegar is an organic acid. Ammonia found in many household cleaners is a base, as are sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide (lye). Sodium chloride (common salt) is an example of a salt because it is produced by the neutralization of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide. A solution of table sugar in water is neutral (pH 7) because it does not contain hydrogen ions nor does it react with bases to produce water. 

Like acids, bases have many important uses. Ammonia, soap, and other cleaners work to dissolve dirt because of their basic... 

Ammonia, another well known cleaner, is also used to manufacture fertilizers, nitric acid, sodium carbonate (washing soda), explosives, nylon, and baking soda. Ammonia is produced by combining nitrogen gas (obtained from the air) and hydrogen gas (obtained from natural gas) in a process called the Haber-Bosch process ... 

Liquid household bleach is generally a 5% solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Ammonia cleansers—including general household cleansers, wax removers, glass and window cleaners, and oven cleaners — are aqueous solutions of 5-10% ammonia, NH3. Mixing bleach with cleansers containing ammonia leads to the formation of a family of potentially toxic compounds known as chloramines. These toxic gases have acrid fumes that can bum mucous membranes. Scented bleaches can mask one s natural ability to detect these harmful fumes. 

Some acids, from strongly acidic to weakly acidic, are stomach acid, lemon juice, vinegar, sauerkraut, and rainwater. Some bases, from strongly basic to weakly basic, are toilet-bowl cleaners, limestone, ammonia, antacids, baking soda, and egg whites. 

Production of ammonia (NH ) Anhydrous (dry) ammonia is the fifth most produced industrial compound. The Haber-Bosch process uses steam on hot coke, which is mostly used in South Africa. In the United States, it is mostly produced from partial combustion of natural gas (methane) or by combining several gases using steam. Other methods use coke-oven gas, refinery gas (mostly methane), or even solar energy. Ammonia is toxic if inhaled and has a high pH value when mixed with water (hydration) to form ammonium hydroxide (NH OH), which has many uses, including as a household cleaner. Ammonia forms many compounds, including ammonium nitrate in fertilizer, rocket fuel, and explosives. Ammonia is also explosive when mixed with mercury or silver or when mixed as part of nitrocellulose. 

Most of us are familiar with the hquid form of ammonia known as ammonium hydroxide (NH OH), a colorless liquid that, with its strong odor, is irritating to the eyes and potentially harmful to the moist mouth and nose, throat, and lungs if its vapors are breathed. Weak solutions of NH OH are ingredients in household cleaning ammonia. Concentrated ammonium hydroxide has many industrial uses, including the manufacture of rayon, fertilizers, refrigerants, rubber, pharmaceuticals, soaps lubricants, inks, explosives, and household cleaners. 

Warning One should never mix, or use together, chlorine cleaners, such as Clorox, with other cleaning substances containing ammonia. It is a deadly mixture. 

These orbital pictures tend to get a little confusing, in that we really need to put in the elemental symbol to distinguish it from carbon, and we usually wish to show the lone pair electrons. We accordingly use a compromise representation that employs the cleaner line drawings for part of the structure and shows the all-important orbital with its lone pair of electrons. These are duly shown for ammonia and water. 

A 10.231-g sample of window cleaner containing ammonia was diluted with 39.466 g of water. Then 4.373 g of solution was titrated with 14.22 mL of 0.106 3 M HCI to reach a bromocresol green end point. Find the weight percent of NH3 (FM 17.031) in the cleaner. 

UU compound. Sodium atoms and chlorine atoms, for example, bond to make the compound sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt. Nitrogen atoms and hydrogen atoms join to make the compound ammonia, a common household cleaner. 

Head of red cabbage, small pot, water, four colorless plastic cups or drinking glasses, toilet bowl cleaner, vinegar, baking soda, ammonia cleanser. 

Add a small amount of toilet bowl cleaner to the first cup, a small amount of vinegar to the second cup, baking soda to the third, and ammonia solution to the fourth. 

On prolonged storage, glycol ethers have been shown to form peroxy compounds which can adversely affect the dyes normally used in glass cleaners. Morpholine, Ammonia, or other volatile amines may be used in place of the Monoethanolamine. 

You have perhaps heard that household cleaners should never be mixed because exothermic reactions may occur or dangerous products may form. The formation of hydrazine on mixing household ammonia and hypochlorite-containing chlorine bleaches is a case in point. 

Weak ammonia solutions are used in household cleaners. Sodium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of dyes, soap, paper and artificial silks. 

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