Soda Washing

Valentinite, see Antimony(III) oxide Verdigris, see Copper acetate hydrate Vermillion, see Mercury(II) sulflde Villiaumite, see Sodium fluoride Vitamin B3, see Calcium (+)pantothenate Washing soda, see Sodium carbonate 10-water Whitlockite, see Calcium phosphate Willemite, see Zinc silicate(4—)... 

Commercial washing soda contains approximately 30-40% w/w Na2C03. One procedure for the quantitative analysis of washing soda contains the following instructions ... 

Transfer an approximately 4-g sample of the washing soda to a 250-mL volumetric flask. 

Washing soda (sodium carbonate) and caustic soda (sodium hydroxide)... 

Formerly Na2C03 found extensive use as washing soda" but this market has now disappeared due to the domestic use of detergents. TIk related compound NaHCOs is, however, still used, particularly because of its ready decomposition in the temperature range 50-l(X)°C ... 

No dimensional change Proprietary brands of alkaline cleaners may be used provided these do not attack metal Soda ash with washing soda and soap are suitable for preparing alkaline cleaning baths No dimensional change unless much impurity is present For small delicate parts 0 1-0-5% silver chromate may be added to reduce attack caused by impurities such as chloride in corrosion product... 

Sodium carbonate, also called washing soda, can be made by heating sodium hydrogen carbonate ... 

The percentage of Na2C03 can then be calculated from the known weight of washing soda employed. 

Wash solutions for precipitates, 426 Washing of precipitates 118, 426 by decantation. 119 solubility losses in, 119, 427 Washing soda D. of sodium carbonate in, 295 Water absorbents for, 477 ammonia-free, 679 deionised, 90 D. of hardness, 332 D. of total cation concentration, 210 D. with Karl Fischer reagent 637 distilled, 90 high purity, 91 ionic product of, 36 types and standards for, (T) 90 volume of 1 g at various temperatures, (T)87... 

Sodium carbonate peroxide is added to peroxide toothpaste as a whitener. It breaks down into sodium carbonate (washing soda) and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide bleaches the teeth and kills germs. 

Sodium carbonate decahydrate, Na2CO3-10H2O, was once widely used as washing soda. It is still sometimes added to water to precipitate Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions as carbonates, as in... 

Waage, P., 359 washing soda, 591 water, 104, 635 and corrosion, 515 autoprotolysis, 401 density and temperature, 191... 

Ammonia, another well known cleaner, is also used to manufacture fertilizers, nitric acid, sodium carbonate (washing soda), explosives, nylon, and baking soda. Ammonia is produced by combining nitrogen gas (obtained from the air) and hydrogen gas (obtained from natural gas) in a process called the Haber-Bosch process ... 

Hastening to comply, Leblanc submitted his discovery to the committee, which published a brochure describing his process in minute detail. The government wanted as many French artisans as possible to produce washing soda. Thus, within a few months of Orleans execution, Leblanc lost his salary, the factory, and his patent. The revolution had already cost him his chance of winning the king s prize money. Meanwhile, Leblanc s wife had fallen ill, and he had four children to support. 

Leblanc s process survived him. Within several decades, it was almost the only one used to produce washing soda for the textile, soap, glass, and papermaking industries. And eventually his synthetic sodium carbonate put the barilla and kelp collectors out of business. 

Lamentably, Leblanc s method produced as much pollution as soda and devastated entire communities. For each ton of washing soda made, three-quarters of a ton of intensely acidic hydrogen chloride gas spewed into the air. Raining down as hydrochloric acid, it turned trees and hedges into gaunt skeletons and poisoned farmland. Tens of thousands of tons of sulfur compounds were piled around the factories. As hydrochloric acid poured into waterways, it combined with the sulfur to make hydrogen sulfide gas, spreading a rotten egg smell for miles around. 

While Nicolas Leblanc and his washing soda helped start the bulk chemical industry, Perkin s mauve spawned the world s dye and pharmaceutical drug industries. His synthetic dye was the first in a cascade of colors that institutionalized scientific research, professionalized chemists, changed the economies of vast regions, and helped make turn-of-the-century Germany the world s leading industrial power. Perkin was an ado-... 

The chemical roots of our modern way of life extend back to the bleaching fields of the eighteenth century and Nicolas Leblanc s momentous discovery for making pure washing soda. The strips of fabric that covered the bleaching fields are long gone, the land returned to other uses. The piles of noxious wastes that surrounded the Leblanc factories have been removed. 

Two centuries ago, when Nicolas Leblanc opened his washing soda factory, such purity was unthinkable. Since then, however, scientists and engineers have learned how to manufacture needed goods without harming workers, the public, or the environment. At first, scientists could not even identify pollutants, much less get rid of them. When the public complained about emissions from the early Leblanc factories, no one could distinguish the damage caused by one factory from that of another, and manufacturers... 

I S.16 I How does washing soda soften hard water See p. 61. 

Question 5.16 How Does Washing Soda Soften Hard Water ... 

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