Amino-grafting

Itoh et al. [141] patented a blend of polyurethane and silicone gum with vinyl groups. The crosslinking reaction of the silicone component was achieved using a radical generator. Chorvath et al. [142] also patented a system composed of polyamide or polyester as the thermoplastic and vinyl-containing polysiloxane cured by a peroxide or non-peroxidic initiator such as 3,4-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylhexane (HTV). Moreover, they added different compatibilizers such as amino-terminated or amino-grafted polysiloxane, epoxy- or isocyanato-functionalized polysiloxane. 

Scheme 6.9 Reaction of aminated grapeseed oil with epoxidised linseed oil. AGSO Amino-grafted soybean oil and ELO epoxidised linseed oil [31]...

In addition to amino-grafted CD polyrotaxane, LPEFyCD-based polypseud-orotaxanes have also been examined for gene delivery [125]. The y-CD-based polypseudorotaxanes had improved cellular uptake and lower toxicity. Unlike the cationic polyrotaxane-based polyplex where DNA was complexed at a lower N/P ratio than that of LPEI, these y-CD-based polypseudorotaxanes required a higher N/P ratio compared to LPEI alone. The transfection efficiency of this poly-pseudorotaxane was comparable to or greater than that of LPEI, especially at higher N/P ratios. 

Sonocatalysis in solvent-free conditions an efficient eco-friendly methodology to prepare N-alkyl imidazoles using amino-grafted NbMCM-41, Catalysis today, 6th... 

Coumarins Aider et al. have recently published the synthesis of coumarins 18 from different substituted salicylaldehydes and ethyl acetoacetate catalyzed by amino-grafted SBA-15 via Knoevenagel condensation followed by a noncatalytic lactonization step (Scheme 10) [70]. Additionally, the authors reported therein a theoretical density fxmctional theory (DPT) study which demonstrated that the amino moiety of methyl aminopropyl/SBA-15 shows a dual acid-base catalytic behavior as H-donor/H-acceptor when used in the synthesis of the coumarins. 

Michael Addition of Imidazole N-alkyl-imidazoles were also S5mthesized over amino-grafted MCM-41 and NbMCM-41 catalysts by Michael addition between imidazole and ethyl acrylate, at 333K, under sonic... 

SCHEME 38 Friedlander condensation of 2-aminoaryl ketones and ethyl acetoacetate catalyzed by (A1)SBA-15 or zeolites (Path A) and when using amino-grafted mesoporous molecular sieves (Path B). 

Dominguez-Femandez et al. investigated the Fiedlander condensation between 2-aminoaryl ketones and ethyl acetoacetate catalyzed by amino-grafted MCM-41 [147]. While the condensation catalyzed by acid catalysts, (Al) SBA-15 or zeolites, yielded mixtures of corresponding quinolines 51 and quinolin-2(lH)-ones 52 (Path A), dramatic selectivity changes were observed when using amino-grafted MCM-41 as catalysts, which exclusively led to quinolones 52 isolated with quantitative yield and total selectivity (Path B) (Scheme 38). 

N. Aider, A. Smuszkiewicz, E. Perez-Mayoral, E. Soriano, R.M. Martin-Aranda, D. HaUiche, S. Menad, Amino-grafted SBA-15 material as dual acid-base catalyst for the synthesis of coumarin derivatives, Catal. Today 227 (2014) 215-222. 

D. Blasco-Jimenez, A.J. Lopez-Peinado, R.M. Martiin-Aranda, M. Ziolek, I. Sobczak, Sonocatalysis in solvent-free conditions an efficient eco-friendly methodology to prepare N-alkyl imidazoles using amino-grafted NbMCM-41, Catd. Today 142 (2009) 283-287. 

A. Smuszkiewicz, J. Lopez-Sanz, E. Perez-Mayoral, E. Soriano, I. Sobczak, M. Ziolek, R.M. Marlfn-Aranda, A.J. Lopez-Peinado, Amino-grafted mesoporous materials based on MCE structure involved in the quinoline synthesis mechanistic insights, J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. 378 (2013) 38-46. 

A waterborne system for container coatings was developed based on a graft copolymerization of an advanced epoxy resin and an acryHc (52). The acryhc-vinyl monomers are grafted onto preformed epoxy resins in the presence of a free-radical initiator grafting occurs mainly at the methylene group of the aHphatic backbone on the epoxy resin. The polymeric product is a mixture of methacrylic acid—styrene copolymer, soHd epoxy resin, and graft copolymer of the unsaturated monomers onto the epoxy resin backbone. It is dispersible in water upon neutralization with an amine before cure with an amino—formaldehyde resin. 

The study of acid-base interaction is an important branch of interfacial science. These interactions are widely exploited in several practical applications such as adhesion and adsorption processes. Most of the current studies in this area are based on calorimetric studies or wetting measurements or peel test measurements. While these studies have been instrumental in the understanding of these interfacial interactions, to a certain extent the interpretation of the results of these studies has been largely empirical. The recent advances in the theory and experiments of contact mechanics could be potentially employed to better understand and measure the molecular level acid-base interactions. One of the following two experimental procedures could be utilized (1) Polymers with different levels of acidic and basic chemical constitution can be coated on to elastomeric caps, as described in Section 4.2.1, and the adhesion between these layers can be measured using the JKR technique and Eqs. 11 or 30 as appropriate. For example, poly(p-amino styrene) and poly(p-hydroxy carbonyl styrene) can be coated on to PDMS-ox, and be used as acidic and basic surfaces, respectively, to study the acid-base interactions. (2) Another approach is to graft acidic or basic macromers onto a weakly crosslinked polyisoprene or polybutadiene elastomeric networks, and use these elastomeric networks in the JKR studies as described in Section 4.2.1. 

A number of studies have recently been devoted to membrane applications [8, 100-102], Yoshikawa and co-workers developed an imprinting technique by casting membranes from a mixture of a Merrifield resin containing a grafted tetrapeptide and of linear co-polymers of acrylonitrile and styrene in the presence of amino acid derivatives as templates [103], The membranes were cast from a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution and the template, usually N-protected d- or 1-tryptophan, removed by washing in more polar nonsolvents for the polymer (Fig. 6-17). Membrane applications using free amino acids revealed that only the imprinted membranes showed detectable permeation. Enantioselective electrodialysis with a maximum selectivity factor of ca. 7 could be reached, although this factor depended inversely on the flux rate [7]. Also, the transport mechanism in imprinted membranes is still poorly understood. 

Recently, Li et al. [30], Yu et al. [31] reinvestigated the mechanism of graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers onto carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose initiated by the Ce(IV) ion with some new results as mentioned in Section II. Furthermore, they investigated the mechanism of model graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers onto chitosan [51]. They chose the compounds containing adjacent hydroxyl-amine structures, such as D-glucosamine, /mn5-2-amino-cyclohexanol, 2-... 

ATBN - amine terminated nitrile rubber X - Flory Huggins interaction parameter CPE - carboxylated polyethylene d - width at half height of the copolymer profile given by Kuhn statistical segment length DMAE - dimethyl amino ethanol r - interfacial tension reduction d - particle size reduction DSC - differential scanning calorimetry EMA - ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer ENR - epoxidized natural rubber EOR - ethylene olefin rubber EPDM - ethylene propylene diene monomer EPM - ethylene propylene monomer rubber EPR - ethylene propylene rubber EPR-g-SA - succinic anhydride grafted ethylene propylene rubber... 

The epoxy-acrylic resin referred to above is a graft copolymer prepared by the polymerisation of acrylic monomers in the presence of the epoxy resin in such a way that grafting of the acrylic onto the epoxy takes place. Water dispersibility is achieved by neutralising carboxyl groups in the acrylic polymer chain with ammonia or amine. Amino or phenolic resins are used as crosslinkers. Alternatively, solvent-borne epoxy-amino or epoxy-phenolic lacquers can be used. 

Of substantial interest for obtaining reactive fibres capable of being chemically stained as well as subsequently subjected to the reaction of graft copolymerization are the copolymers of AN with 2-amino-4-vinylsulfonylanisole 7. 

As it will be shown the presence of an aromatic amino group in the macromolecule of modified PAN offers new possibilities for graft copolymers without the formation of a homopolymer. 

As a result of the interaction of VO2 ion with the amino groups of the copolymer macroradicals are formed which initiate the reaction of graft copolymerization. The mechanism of this reaction is illustrated by the following scheme ... 

Chitosan is the main structural component of crab and shrimp shells. Chitosan contains both reactive amino and hydroxyl groups, which can be used to chemically alter its properties under mild reaction conditions. Al-acyl chitosans were already reported as blood-compatible materials. UV irradiation grafting technique was utilized to introduce obutyrylchitosan (OBCS) onto the grafted SR film in the presence of the photosensitive heterobifunctional cross-linking agent. The platelet adhesion test revealed that films grafted on OBCS show excellent antiplatelet adhesion. 

Witte P, Menzel H (2004) Nickel-mediated surface grafting from polymerization of alpha-amino acid-N-carhoxyanhydrides. Macromol Chem Phys 205 1735-1743... 

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