Interfacial science

The study of acid-base interaction is an important branch of interfacial science. These interactions are widely exploited in several practical applications such as adhesion and adsorption processes. Most of the current studies in this area are based on calorimetric studies or wetting measurements or peel test measurements. While these studies have been instrumental in the understanding of these interfacial interactions, to a certain extent the interpretation of the results of these studies has been largely empirical. The recent advances in the theory and experiments of contact mechanics could be potentially employed to better understand and measure the molecular level acid-base interactions. One of the following two experimental procedures could be utilized (1) Polymers with different levels of acidic and basic chemical constitution can be coated on to elastomeric caps, as described in Section 4.2.1, and the adhesion between these layers can be measured using the JKR technique and Eqs. 11 or 30 as appropriate. For example, poly(p-amino styrene) and poly(p-hydroxy carbonyl styrene) can be coated on to PDMS-ox, and be used as acidic and basic surfaces, respectively, to study the acid-base interactions. (2) Another approach is to graft acidic or basic macromers onto a weakly crosslinked polyisoprene or polybutadiene elastomeric networks, and use these elastomeric networks in the JKR studies as described in Section 4.2.1. 

Other aspects of interfacial science and chemistry are examined by Owen and Wool. The former chapter deals with a widely used chemistry to join disparate surfaces, that of silane coupling agents. The latter chapter describes the phenomenon of diffusion at interfaces, which, when it occurs, can yield strong and durable adhesive bonds. Brown s chapter describes the micromechanics at the interface when certain types of diffusive adhesive bonds are broken. The section on surfaces ends with Dillingham s discussion of what can be done to prime surfaces for adhesive bonding. 

Bramley, A.S., Hounslow, M.J. and Ryall, R.L., 1996a. Aggregation during precipitation from solution A method for extracting rates from experimental data. Journal of Colloid and Interfacial Science, 183, 155-165. 

Gelbard, F., Tambour, Y. and Seinfeld, J.H., 1980. Sectional representations for simulating aerosol dynamics. Journal of Colloid and Interfacial Science, 76, 541. 

Muralidar, R. and Ramkrishna, D., 1986. An inverse problem in agglomeration kinetics. Journal of Colloid and Interfacial Science, 112, 348-361. 

Nancollas, G.H. and Reddy, M.M., 1971. The crystallization of calcium caronate. II Calcite growth mechanism. Journal of Colloid and Interfacial Science, 37, 824-833. 

G.-Q. Lu, and A. Wieckowski, Heterogeneous Electrocatalysis A Core field of Interfacial Science, Current opinion in Colloid and Interface Science 5, 95 (2000). 

Many of the crucial problems for researchers in this area are the same as the ones encountered in other areas of surface and interfacial science. The research of chemical engineers on high-performance ceramic materials, field-induced bioseparations, and fouling also addresses phenomena such as agglomeration and clustering in dispersions and rheology of dispersions. For EPIDs,... 

Fuel cell science and technology cuts across multiple disciplines, including materials science, interfacial science, transport phenomena, electrochemistry, and catalysis. Because of the diversity and complexity of electrochemical and transport phenom-... 

Thus, fundamentally the interest is in testing the limits and theory of polymer behavior in end-tethered systems, e.g., viscoelastic behavior, wetting and surface energies, adhesion, shear forces relevant to tribology, etc. It should be noted that relevant surfaces and interfaces can also refer to polymers adsorbed in liquid-liquid, liquid-gas, solid-gas, and solid-liquid interfaces, which makes these polymer systems also of prime importance in interfacial science and colloidal phenomena (Fig. 2). Correspondingly, a wide number of potential applications can be enumerated ranging from lubrication and microelectronics to bioimplant surfaces. 

Progress in all interfacial science is limited by both the availability and the effective application of analytical techniques. In the vicinity of an interface, information is sought ideally with the best possible spatial resolution concerning the absolute value and three-dimensional distribution of the chemical identity, crystal structure, the nature of bonding, and electri-... 

SEXAFS — Surface-extended X-ray absorption fine structure (spectroscopy), a modified form of -> EXAFS adopted to the needs of surface and interfacial science for details see - EXAFS. 

Powders and Fibers Interfacial Science and Applications, edited by Michel Nardin and Eugene Papirer... 

This book is intended to make clear the front of the state-of-the art of the nanochemistry of the liquid-liquid interface. The plan to make this book had started from the discussion with Mr. Kenneth Howell of Kluwer Academic Publishers just after the Symposium on Nano-Chemistry in Liquid-Liquid Interfaces at the Pacifichem 2001 held in Hawaii. In the year of2001, the Scientific Research on Priority Areas Nano-Chemistry at the Liquid-Liquid Interfaces (2001-2003) was approved by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. So, it will be timely to review some important studies accomplished in the project and to learn more about the liquid-liquid interfacial science by inviting outstanding researchers through the world as authors. 

Hammond, J., Holubka, J., Durisin, A. and Dickie, R., "Abstract from Colloid and Interfacial Science Section ACS Miami Meeting, September, 1978. 

In this chapter, it is my aim to discuss electrochemical phenomena in a rather general way, starting from basic concepts derived from solid state physics and interfacial science (Sections 4.2 and 4.3). Thus, the electrochemical double layer is... 

There is often a small region around equilibrium in which the net flux is proportional to and He A l e,B- Experimental investigation of the precise relationship between the net current flow and the deviation from equilibrium has been a major issue in interfacial science (Section 4.6). The measurement of the relationship between the interfacial electron flux and the electrochemical potential of the electrons in an electrode, and a fundamental interpretation of it, continue to be important issues in electrochemistry (Sections 4.7 to 4.9). 

Eastoe, J. Hetherington, K.J. Dalton, J.S. Sharpe, D. Lu, J.R. Heenan, R.K. Microemulsions with dodecyldimethyl-ammonium bromide studies by contrast variation. Journal of Colloid and Interfacial Science 1997, 190, 449-455. 

In interfacial science the term monolayer is used in a number of different ways. Although this rarely leads to confusion one needs to be aware of them. In the chapters on adsorption on solids (chapters II. 1 and 2) the notion of monolayer was sometimes used to distinguish it from bilayer or multilayer, and implying that all adsorbed molecules are in contact with the adsorbent. Whether or not this layer is completely filled does not matter in that case. However, the packing did matter in other instances where the amount adsorbed in a completely filled layer was at issue, as for example in the plateau of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (r(< )), or in the volume in the BET theory, corresponding to the volume of gas that would... 

N.K. Adam, The Physics and Chemistry of Surfaces. Oxford University Press (1941). (Classical text on interfacial science with some emphasis on monolayers.)... 

To describe emulsion formation two main factors must be considered, namely hydrodynamics and interfacial science. In hydrodynamics, consideration must be given to the type of flow, whether laminar or turbulent, and this depends on the Reynolds number (as wiU be discussed later). 

D. Mobius and R. Miller (eds.), Drops and Bubbles in Interfacial Science , in Studies of Interface Science, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1998, Vol. 6. 

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