Amines diethanolamine

Diethanolamine will react with acids, acid anhydrides, acid chlorides, and esters to form amide derivatives, and with propylene carbonate or other cyclic carbonates to give the corresponding carbonates. As a secondary amine, diethanolamine reacts with aldehydes and ketones to yield aldimines and ketimines. Diethanolamine also reacts with copper to form complex salts. Discoloration and precipitation will take place in the presence of salts of heavy metals. 

The reaction of melamine with alkanolamines (monoethanolamine, 2-propanol amine, diethanolamine, and so on), in fact a transamidation reaction, leads to hydroxyalkyl derivatives of melamine and gaseous ammonia [39] see reaction 15.43. 

H. Hikita, S. Asai, H. Ishikawa, and M. Honda The Kinetics of Reactions of Carbon Dioxide with Monoethanol-amine, Diethanolamine, and Triethanol-amine by a Rapid Mixing Method, Chem. Eng. J. (Printed in the Netherlands), 13 7 (1977). 

Solvents used for hydrogen sulfide absorption include aqueous solutions of ethanolamine (monoethano1 amine, MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and diisopropanolarnine (DIPA) among others ... 

Expert Panel of the Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Final Report on the Safety Assessment for Diisopropano/amine, Triisopropano/amine, Isopropano/amine, Mixed Isopropano/amines, Sept. 26, 1986 Final Report for the Safety Assessment for Triethanolamine, Diethanolamine, Monoethanolamine, May 19, 1983. 

Activated tertiary amines such as triethanolamine (TEA) and methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) have gained wide acceptance for CO2 removal. These materials require very low regeneration energy because of weak CO2 amine adduct formation, and do not form carbamates or other corrosive compounds (53). Hybrid CO2 removal systems, such as MDEA —sulfolane—water and DIPA—sulfolane—water, where DIPA is diisopropylamine, are aqueous alkaline solutions in a nonaqueous solvent, and are normally used in tandem with other systems for residual clean-up. Extensive data on the solubiUty of acid gases in amine solutions are available (55,56). 

Diethanolamine (DEA) has replaced MEA as the most widely used amine solvent. High load DEA technologies, such as that developed by Elf Aquitaine, permit the use of high (up to 40 wt % DEA) concentration solutions. The Elf Aquitaine—DEA process allows lower cinculation rates, and has consequent reductions ia capital and utility expenses. DEA tends to be more resistant to degradation by carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide than MEA. DEA is, however, susceptible to degradation by carbon dioxide. 

The second type of diethanolamide is the 1 1 or superamide which contains components of the reaction of one mole fatty acid and one mole diethanolamine. A typical superamide composition is >90% diethanolamide, 7% unreacted diethanolamine, and 2.5% amine and amide ester. 

In the manufacture of highly resident flexible foams and thermoset RIM elastomers, graft or polymer polyols are used. Graft polyols are dispersions of free-radical-polymerized mixtures of acrylonitrile and styrene partially grafted to a polyol. Polymer polyols are available from BASF, Dow, and Union Carbide. In situ polyaddition reaction of isocyanates with amines in a polyol substrate produces PHD (polyhamstoff dispersion) polyols, which are marketed by Bayer (21). In addition, blending of polyether polyols with diethanolamine, followed by reaction with TDI, also affords a urethane/urea dispersion. The polymer or PHD-type polyols increase the load bearing properties and stiffness of flexible foams. Interreactive dispersion polyols are also used in RIM appHcations where elastomers of high modulus, low thermal coefficient of expansion, and improved paintabiUty are needed. 

SolubiHty of carbon dioxide in ethanolamines is affected by temperature, amine solution strength, and carbon dioxide partial pressure. Information on the performance of amines is available in the Hterature and from amine manufacturers. Values for the solubiHty of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide mixtures in monoethanolamine and for the solubiHty of carbon dioxide in diethanolamine are given (36,37). SolubiHty of carbon dioxide in monoethanolamine is provided (38). The effects of catalysts have been studied to improve the activity of amines and provide absorption data for carbon dioxide in both mono- and diethanolamine solutions with and without sodium arsenite as a catalyst (39). Absorption kinetics over a range of contact times for carbon dioxide in monoethanolamine have also been investigated (40). 

Ammonium acetate and sodium methoxide are effective catalysts for the ammonolysis of soybean oil (49). Polyfunctional amines and amino alcohols such as ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, and diethanolamine react to give useful intermediates. Ethylenediamine can form either a monoamide or a diamide depending on the mole ratio of reactants. With an equimolar ratio of reactants and a temperature of >250° C, a cyclization reaction occurs to give imidazolines with ethylenediamine (48) ... 

Diethanolamine Systems. Diethanolamine (DEA) is a secondary amine that has in recent years replaced MEA as the most common chemical solvent., s a secondary amine, DEA is a weaker base than MEA, and therefore DEA systems do not typically suffer the same corrosion problems. In addition, DEA has lower vapor loss, requires less heat for regeneration per mole of acid gas removed, and does not require a reclaimei. DEA reacts with H iS and COt as follows ... 

These processes are characterized by a high capability of absorbing large amounts of acid gases. They use a solution of a relatively weak base, such as monoethanolamine. The acid gas forms a weak bond with the base which can be regenerated easily. Mono- and diethanolamines are frequently used for this purpose. The amine concentration normally ranges between 15 and 30%. Natural gas is passed through the amine solution where sulfides, carbonates, and bicarbonates are formed. 

Diethanolamine is a favored absorbent due to its lower corrosion rate, smaller amine loss potential, fewer utility requirements, and minimal reclaiming needs. Diethanolamine also reacts reversibly with 75% of carbonyl sulfides (COS), while the mono- reacts irreversibly with 95% of the COS and forms a degradation product that must be disposed of. 

For many years, nearly all the amine units were using monoethanola-mine (MEA) or diethanolamine (DEA). However, in recent years the use of tertiary amines such as methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) has increased. These solvents are generally less corrosive and require less energy to regenerate. They can be formulated for specific gas recovery requirements. 

Formulated products tend to use a 10 to 20% neutralized erythorbate, buffered to pH of 5 to 6 with ammonia, morpholine, cyclohexy-lamine, diethanolamine (DEA), or triethanolamine (TEA) to reduce the acidity of erythorbic acid. Similarly, amines are used with sodium erythorbate to improve the reaction rate. 

Diethanolamine (DEA), 2,2 -iminodiethanol di( -ethyloxy)aniline. HN-(CH2CH2OH)2, MW = 105.1. Sp. gr. = 1.097. Flash point = 280 °F. Also used as an absorbent for acidic gases in petrochemical operations. Hygroscopic. Available as a 98.5+% alkyl amine commodity product from various international manufacturers, including Texaco Corporation. Commonly available through chemical distributors. 

Amine salts of a-sulfonated fatty acids and esters are also used as antistatic agents. Mixtures of alkyl a-sulfo fatty acid ester diethanolamine salts and hexa-decyl stearate or butyl stearate are coated onto nylon yarn after fiber formation and before stretching [97]. Polypropylene can be made antistatic with an amine salt of a-sulfolauric acid [C10H21CH(SO3Na)COO +NH(CH2CH(OH) CH3)3] [98]. 

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