Diethanolamine,

Synonyms 2,2 -iminodiethanol 2,2 -dihy-droxydiethylamine 2,2 -iminobisethanol bis(2-hydroxy ethyl)amine 

Diethanolamine is used in the production of surface-active agents and lubricants for the textile industry as an intermediate for rubber chemicals as an emulsifier as a humectant and softening agent as a detergent in paints, shampoos, and other cleaners and as an intermediate in resins and plasticizers. 

A viscous liquid or a deliquescent solid at room temperature mild odor of ammonia mp 28 C (82 F) bp 269 C (516 F) density of liquid, 1.088 at 30°C (86°F) soluble in water, alcohol, and acetone, insoluble in ether, hydrocarbons, and carbon disulfide aqueous solution strongly alkaline, pH 11.0 (0.1 N solution). 

The irritant action of diethanolamine on the eyes can be severe. Direct contact of the pure liquid can impair vision. Irritation on the skin may be mild to moderate. The acute oral toxicity of this compound was low in test animals. The toxic symptoms 

The vapor pressure of diethanolamine is negligibly low ( 0.01 torr at 20°C (68°F)). At ordinary temperature, this compound should not cause any inhalation hazard. The mists, fumes, or vapors at high temperatures, however, can produce eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation. 

---

Here the ethylene oxide undergoes parallel reactions, whereas the monoethanolamine undergoes a series reaction to diethanolamine and triethanolamine. 

Two principal secondary reactions occur, to diethanolamine and triethanolamine ... 

Cmea = molar concentration of monoethanolamine Cdea = molar concentration of diethanolamine... 

An excess of ammonia in the reactor decreases the concentrations of monoetha-nolamine, diethanolamine, and ethylene oxide and decreases the rates of reaction for both secondary reactions. 

The use of an excess of ammonia is home out in practice. A mole ratio of ammonia to ethylene oxide of 10 1 3delds 75 percent monoethanolamine, 21 percent diethanolamine, and 4 percent triethanolamine. Using equimolar proportions under the same reaction conditions, the respective proportions become 12, 23, and 65 percent. 

In cases where Noyori s reagent (see p. 102f.) and other enantioselective reducing agents are not successful, (+)- or (—)-chlorodiisopinocampheylborane (Ipc BCl) may help. This reagent reduces prochiral aryl and tert-alkyl ketones with exceptionally high enantiomeric excesses (J. Chandrasekharan, 1985 H.C. Brown, 1986). The initially formed boron moiety is usually removed hy precipitation with diethanolamine. Ipc2BCl has, for example, been applied to synthesize polymer-supported chiral epoxides with 90% e.e. from Merrifield resins (T. Antonsson, 1989). 

COMPOSITEMATERIALS - POLYTffiR-MATRM - THERMOSETS] (Vol 7) -diethanolamine surfactant [SURFACTANTS] (Vol 23)... 

Solvents used for hydrogen sulfide absorption include aqueous solutions of ethanolamine (monoethano1 amine, MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and diisopropanolarnine (DIPA) among others ... 

---