Monoethanol amine

The presence of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide in permanent hair color products is a disadvantage. Both are considered by consumers to be harsh chemicals. The odor of ammonia is unpleasant for a personal care product. Monoethanol amine has been used as a substitute for ammonia in some commercial permanent hair color products. It is not as effective as ammonia in allowing the hair to be lightened but it does not have as strong an odor. 

The Wenker process (364), carried out by BASF and various other companies since the end of the 1960s, is a distinct improvement. In this process the hemisulfate of monoethanol amine, a nonvolatile, crystalline substance, is used in place of volatile 2-chloroethylamine for the alkaline cyclisation. The reaction can be carried out under pressure (365). 

A production plant for salt-free ethyleneimine synthesis by catalytic dehydration of monoethanol amine [141-45-5] in the gas phase has started operation at the Japanese company Nippon Shokubai (366). 

Property ThioglycoHc acid ThioglycoHc acid Ammonium thioglycolate Glyceryl monothioglycolate Monoethanol amine thioglycolate Calcium thioglycolate... 

DETA has been produced by reaction of monoethanol amine [141-43-5] (MEA) and EDA with urea (42). In this process, MEA reacts with urea to form 2-oxa2ohdinone which then reacts with EDA to form the cycHc urea of diethylene-triamine. Hydrolysis of the ureaHberates the free amine. 

A process for the production of ethylenimine [151 -56-4] a suspect carcinogen, by the vapor phase dehydration of monoethanol amine has been developed (128—132). By using an alkyleneamine co-feed with the alkan olamine, higher alkylene amines are made in situ (133). The catalysts are tungsten-, niobium-, or phosphate-based. 

MEA = Monoethanol amine DEA = Diethanol amine MDEA = Methydiethanol amine... 

Chemical solvents Monoethanol amine (MEA) Diethanol amine (DEA) Methyldiethanol amine fMDEA) Diglycol amine (DGA) Diisopropanol amine (DIPA)... 

Elemental sulfur also is recovered as a by-product in processing natural gas and petroleum. Refining operations of natural gas and petroleum crude produce hydrogen sulfide, which also may occur naturally. Hydrogen sulfide is separated from hydrocarbon gases by absorption in an aqueous solution of alkaline solvent such as monoethanol amine. Hydrogen sulfide is concentrated in this solvent and gas is stripped out and oxidized by air at high temperature in the presence of a catalyst (Claus process). 

Materials. Cio>Cl2>Cl4,Cl6,Cl80H were Shanghai Chemical Reagent Co. extra pure materials, purity > 98%. Ethylene oxide was purified with monoethanol amine to an aldehyde content < 0.03%. Mixed alco-... 

Charge under agitation most of the water, the 2-butoxyethanol, and the Avanel S-70 into the mixing vessel. In a separate vessel, under agitation, dissolve the dye in the balance of the water. Add the dye solution to the batch. Adjust pH to 10.5-11.5 with Monoethanol amine. 

Charge monoethanol amine and water to vessel. With stirring, add DDBSA. Mix in Sandoxylate SX 40B, and EDTA. Warm to 50C, add the oleic acid slowly, while Increasing the agitation. When the oleic acid has completely reacted, add D-Limonene and Butyl Cellosolve. Cool with stirring to 40C. Bottle. 

Some of these competitors, such as monoethanol-amine, really act not by a competition effect on adsorption, but rather by a pH effect [94]. In fact a rise in the pH tends to lower the exchange capacity of alumina, causing a more uniform occupation of the surface by the metallic complex. 

Carbon monoxide is first stripped off particulate matter in a cyclone separator or in a scrubber. Scrubbing also removes tar or heavy hydrocarbon fractions. Acidic gases, if present, are removed by absorption in monoethanol amine or in potassium carbonate. This pretreated gas is sent to the next section for further purification. Commercial processes for final purification are based on the absorption of carbon monoxide by salt solution, low-temperature condensation, or fractionation, or by pressure-swing adsorption using a solid material. 

Aminoethanol Monoethanol amine Aminoethyl Alcohol or /S Hydroxyethylamine(Amino-... 

Aliphatic hydrocarbons Ammonia Chlorine Butanes Glycol ethers Hydrochloric acid Methylene chloride Monoethanol amine Oxalic acid Phosphoric acid Sodium hydroxide Sodium metasilicate Sulfuric acid Surfactants Tetrachloroethylene 1,1,1-Trichloroethane... 

Fig. 5-27. Separation of ethanolamines. — Separator column IonPac NS1 (10pm) eluent 0.004 mol/L hexanesulfonic acid + 0.04 mol/L H3B03 flow rate 1 mL/min detection suppressed conductivity injection volume 100 pL solute concentrations ammonium (1), 2.5 ppm monoethanol-amine (2), 5 ppm diethanolamine (3), and 10 ppm triethanolamine (4).

There are different types of nitrogen compounds that have been identified as benzene feed contaminants. The most common ones are A-formyl morpholine (NFM), A-methyl pyrolidone (NMP), morpholine, monoethanol amine (MEA), diethanol amine (DEA), and acrylonitrile (ACN). Both NFM and NMP are common aromatic extraction solvents that are used to... 

MEA = Monoethanol amine DEA = Diethanol amine MDEA = Methydiethanol amine DGA = Diglycol amine Jefferson Chemical Co., Fluor patented process (Econamine)... 

G. Astarita, G. Marrucci, and F. Gioa, The Influence of Carbonation Ratio and Total Amine Concentration on Carbon Dioxide Absorption in Aqueous Monoethanol-amine Solutions, Chem. Eng. Sci., 19 95 (1964). 

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