Form amides

In these cases the acyl azides formed have been used to prepare amines via Curtius rearrangement. The acyl chloride or azide intermediates can. however, also be reacted with amines or alcohols to form amides or esters. 

Reaction with ammonia and amines (Sec tion 20 14) Acyl chlorides react with am monia and amines to form amides A base such as sodium hydroxide is normally added to react with the hydrogen chio ride produced... 

Reaction with ammonia and amines (Section 20 14) Acid an hydrides react with ammonia and amines to form amides Two molar equivalents of amine are required In the example shown only one acyl group of acetic anhydride becomes incor porated into the amide the other becomes the acyl group of the amine salt of acetic acid... 

Esters react with ammonia to form amides... 

The amine must be primary (RNH2) or secondary (R2NH) Tertiary amines (R3N) can not form amides because they have no proton on nitrogen that can be replaced by an acyl group... 

Amides. Reaction of acryhc acid with ammonia or primary or secondary amines forms amides. However, acrylamide (qv) is better prepared by... 

Even though form amide was synthesized as early as 1863 by W. A. Hoffmann from ethyl formate [109-94-4] and ammonia, it only became accessible on a large scale, and thus iadustrially important, after development of high pressure production technology. In the 1990s, form amide is mainly manufactured either by direct synthesis from carbon monoxide and ammonia, or more importandy ia a two-stage process by reaction of methyl formate (from carbon monoxide and methanol) with ammonia. 

Tables 1 and 2 Hst the important physical properties of formamide. Form amide is more highly hydrogen bonded than water at temperatures below 80°C but the degree of molecular association decreases rapidly with increa sing temperature. Because of its high dielectric constant, formamide is an excellent ionizing solvent for many inorganic salts and also for peptides, proteias (eg, keratin), polysaccharides (eg, cellulose [9004-34-6] starch [9005-25-8]) and resias.

Small quantities of spilled form amide can be washed away with plenty of water. Larger amounts should be absorbed appropriately or pumped into containers for proper disposal by incineration or biological degradation in a sewage water treatment plant. 

Of the many solvents proposed, only a few have found commercial appHcation, including water (Hbls), anhydrous ammonia (SBA), chilled methanol (Montecatini), /V-methy1pyrro1idinone (BASF), butyrolactone, acetone, dimethyl-form amide, and hydrocarbon fractions. 

A variety of olefins or aromatic compounds having electron-donating substituents are known to undergo C—H iasertion reactions with isocyanates to form amides (36,37). Many of these reactions are known to iavolve cycHc iatermediates. 

Trialkanolamines caimot form amides, but they do give esters at temperatures sufftciendy high to eliminate water. 

Some of these compounds show antibacterial activity. Reduction gives 2-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]ethanols which react with organic acids to form amides that, on further heating, cyclize to imidazolines (6). For example, the diamine obtained by reducing (1) reacts with an organic acid (R"COOH) to give... 

Acylation. Aromatic amines react with acids, acid chlorides, anhydrides, and esters to form amides. In general, acid chlorides give the best yield of the pure product. The reaction with acetic, propionic, butanoic, or benzoic acid can be catalyzed with phosphoms oxychloride or trichloride. 

MDA reacts with acid anhydrides to form amides. In the reaction with maleic anhydride both of the amino hydrogens are replaced to form the imide, A[,Ar-(methylenedi-/)-phenylene) dimaleimide [1367-54-5]... 

Both piperidine (18) and AZ-formylpiperidine [2591-86-8] are used as solvents. /V-Formylpiperidine is a dipolar, aprotic solvent that has considerably better hydrocarbon solubiUty than other dipolar, aprotic solvents having form amide or acetamide functionahty. 

V,/V-dimethy1-form amide [68-12-2] dimethyl formamide C3H2ON 24.7... 

Ammonolysis and Aminolysis. Esters and ammonia react to form amides and alcohols ... 

Amino Exist to a small extent only in the imine form Amide... 

Triazole has been prepared by the oxidation of substituted 1,2,4-triazoles, by the treatment of urazole with phosphorus pentasulfide, by heating equimolar quantities of formyl-hydrazine and formamide, by removal of the amino function of 4-amino-l,2,4-triazole, by oxidation of l,2,4-triazole-3(5)-thiol with hydrogen peroxide, by decarboxylation of 1,2,4-triazole-3(5)-carboxylic acid, by heating hydrazine salts with form-amide,by rapidly distilling hydrazine hydrate mixed with two molar equivalents of formamide, i by heating N,N -diformyl-hydrazine with excess ammonia in an autoclave at 200° for 24 hours, and by the reaction of 1,3,5-triazine and hydrazine monohydrochloride. ... 

Reaction with ammonia and amines (Section 20.14) Acid anhydrides react with ammonia and amines to form amides. 

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