Amides carboxylates

A-/-Butyldimethylsilyl-7V-methyltrifluoroacetamide, CH3CN, 5 min, 97-100% yield.This reagent also silylates thiols, amines, amides, carboxylic acids, and enolizable carbonyl groups. 

Iminium Acyl Aldehyde Ester Amide Carboxylate Group 111... 

Biochemical tests are usually performed after pure cultures have been obtained. The standard indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, citrate, and litmus milk tests may be used to show important physiological characteristics. To study the functional diversity of bacteria, the utilization of carbohydrates, amines, amides, carboxylic acids, amino acids, polymers, and other carbon and nitrogen sources can be tested.28 Dilution-based most-probable number (MPN) techniques with phospholipid fatty acids as biomarkers have been employed for studying different bacterial species in lakes.40 The patterns of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from natural waters have been useful for identifying sources of water pollution.34... 

A. T. Hagler, A. Lapicirella, Spatial Electron Distribution and Population Analysis of Amides, Carboxylic Acid, and Peptides, and Their Relation to Empirical Potential Functions , Biopolymers 1976, 1167-1200 A. T. Hagler, L. Leiserowitz, M. Tuval, Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Barrier to Rotation about the N-C° and Ca-C Bonds ([Pg.369]

A question that may justifiably be raised here is whether these proofs of exclusive carbonyl protonation of carboxylic acids in concentrated and anhydrous acids necessarily imply the dominance of this form in dilute acid. Evidence that this is not so for amides has been discussed on pages 328 ff. It is possible that the alternative protonated form of carboxylic acids [201] is dominant in aqueous acid, but as the overall extents of protonation are small, it is not detectable by any spectroscopic method. Unlike amides, carboxylic acids become measurably protonated in quite concentrated acid (>60% sulphuric acid), which would tend to favour the formation of the protonated form with a delocalized charge. The form [201]... 

Use of a hydrocarbon solvent such as cyclohexane can discriminate these compounds either as the only measured value or as a value to be subtracted from the octanol value (Alog P) [19-21]. Unfortunately, cyclohexane is a poor solvent for many compounds and does not have the utility of octanol. Groups which hydrogen bond and attenuate actual membrane crossing compared to their predicted ability based on octanol are listed in Figure 1.4. The presence of two or more amide, carboxyl functions in a molecule will significantly impact on membrane crossing ability and will need substantial intrinsic lipophilicity in other functions to provide sufficient hydrophobicity to penetrate the lipid core of the membrane. 

A series of solid-state reactions has been explored by Kaupp et al., in which gaseous amines were reacted with aldehydes to give imines. Analogous reactions with solid anhydrides, imides, lactones or carbonates, and isothiocyanates were used to give, respectively, diamides or amidic carboxylic salts or imides, diamides, carbamic acids, and thioureas [24]. In general the yields were found to be quantitative. Ammonia and other gaseous amines, in particular methyl-amine, have also been shown to aminolyse thermoplastic polycarbonates [25]. 

By studying the nucleophilic opening of 2,3-epoxy carboxylic acid derivatives it has been found that the regioselectivity was dependent on the acid function (ester, amide, carboxylate), as well as on the nucleophile [78]. In the examples... 

Alkyl- or 3-aryl-2,4-oxazolidinediones via photochemical cyclization, ° organonickel-mediated carbonylation, ° cyclization of A-alkenyl-a-acet-amides, ° carboxylation and cyclization of 2-propynamides, °" cyclization of (9-carbamates of a-hydroxy acetic acids and esters,cyclization of a-hydroxy acetamides,and catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation (ADH) of A-alkenoyl-2-oxazolidinones. ... 

Carboxylic Amides. Carboxylic amide nonionic surfactants are condensation products of fatty acids and hydroxyalkyl amines. 

KETONES, ALDEHYDES, AMIDES, CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, AND ESTERS ALL CONTAIN A CARBONYL CROUP... 

The carbonyl group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. It occurs in the organic compounds known as ketones, aldehydes, amides, carboxylic acids, and esters. 

Amine Acid anhydride Amide Carboxylate salt... 

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