Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides

After the surgery, Maureen applies Indermil, which is a type of liquid bandage, to Robert s incision sites. Liquid bandages are tissue adhesives that seal surgical or wound incisions on a patient. Stitches and staples are not required and scarring is minimal. The polymer in a liquid bandage is typically dissolved in an alcohol-based solvent. The alcohol also acts as an antiseptic. 

The polymer in Indermil is a cyano ester, as it consists of a cyano group (C = N) and an ester functional group. Esters have a carbonyl group (C=0), which has a single bond to a carbon group on one side of the carbonyl and an oxygen atom on the 

Amines and amides are organic compounds that contain nitrogen. Many nitrogen-containing compounds are important to life as components of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Many amines that exhibit strong physiological activity are used in medicine as decongestants, anesthetics, and sedatives. Examples include dopamine, histamine, epinephrine, and amphetamine. 

Alkaloids such as caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, and digitalis, which have powerful physiological activity, are naturally occurring amines obtained from plants. In an amide, the functional group consists of a carbonyl group attached to an amine. Amides, which are derived from carboxylic acids, are important in biology in proteins. In biochemistry, the amide bond that links amino acids in a protein is called a peptide bond. Some medically important amides include acetaminophen (Tylenol) used to reduce fever phenobarbital, a sedative and anticonvulsant medication and penicillin, an antibiotic. 

In a carboxylic acid, the carbon atom of a carbonyl group is attached to a hydroxyl group that forms a carboxyl group. The carboxyl functional group may be attached to an alkyl group or an aromatic group. 

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Draw the structures of the functional groups alkene, alkyne, alcohol, haloalkane, carbonyl, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester, amine, and amide. (Section 24.4)... 

D Write, recognize, or otherwise identify (a) the structural unit, or functional group, (b) the general formula, and (c) the molecular or structural formulas and/or names of specific examples of the following classes of organic compounds alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amines, and amides. 

CHAPTER 14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides... 

Chapter 14, Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides, discusses the functional groups and naming of carboxylic acids, esters, amines, and amides. Chemical reactions include esterification, amidation, and acid and base hydrolysis of esters and amides. 

Some pairs of functional groups such as alcohol, ester carboxylic acid, ester amine, amide and carboxylic acid, amide can be interconverted by simple reactions. When a member of these groups is the desired product or starting material, the other member should also be consulted in the text. 

Another group includes ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amines, amides, phosphines, nitro compounds, nitriles and others. 

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