Alzheimer prevalence

Hebert LE, Scherr PA, Bienias JL, et al. Alzheimer disease in the US population prevalence estimates using the 2000 census. Arch Neurol 2003 60 1119-1122. 

Psychotic symptoms in late life (greater than 65 years of age) are generally a result of an ongoing chronic illness carried over from younger life however, a small percentage of patients develop psychotic symptoms de novo, defined as late-life schizophrenia. The 6-month prevalence rate of schizophrenia in the elderly is around 1%. However, other illnesses presenting with psychotic symptoms are common in this population, as approximately one-third of patients with Alzheimer s disease, Parkinson s disease, and vascular dementia experience psychotic symptoms. The majority of data for antipsychotic use in the elderly comes from experience treating these other disease states. 

Low levels of DHA in the blood have been linked to dyslexia, attention deficit disorder, and hyperactivity. They have also been linked to dementia, including Alzheimer s, in the elderly. Scientists have found that these conditions are much less prevalent in cul-... 

ALZHEIMER S DISEASE IS THE MOST PREVALENT NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDER 781... 

Alzheimer s Disease (AD) is the most important and most common terminal disease in ageing populations [124, 125] (see Ch. 47). Its prevalence is continuing to increase... 

Dementia is characterised by a progressive decline in cognitive function. The prevalence of dementia increases with age. With the demographical changes, the number of patients with dementia will increase. There are three major forms of dementia Alzheimer s disease, vascular dementia and a mixed dementia. Beside these, there are several less common subtypes of dementia. 

The prevalence rates of schizophrenia are lower in old age than in younger age groups (Copeland et al. 1998). The incidence of Alzheimer s disease with psychosis is much more frequent than the incidence of schizophrenia in old age (Jeste and Finkel 2000). For the frail Alzheimer s patients, medications may induce or aggravate the symptoms. 

Alzheimer s disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia (50-70%), followed by vascular dementia (30 0%) and mixed dementia (15-20%). These prevalent forms of age-related neurodegeneration represent a major problem of health in developed countries, with more than 25 million people affected and probably more than 75 million people at risk during the next 20-25 years worldwide. The prevalence of dementia increases exponentially, from approx. 1% at 60-65 yr to more than 30-35% in people older than 80yr. It is very likely that in those patients older than 75-80 yr most cases of dementia are mixed in nature (degenerative plus vascular), whereas pure AD cases are very rare after 80yr (1-3). 

Alzheimer s disease, the most prevalent form of dementia, afflicts approximately 10% of the population over age 65. The cardinal features of Alzheimer s disease are progressive loss of memory and disordered cognitive function. Alterations in behavior and a decline in Ian-... 

Newman SC The prevalence of depression in Alzheimer s disease and vascular dementia in a population sample. J Affect Disord 52 169-176, 1999 Nibuya M, Rydelek-Fitzgerald L, Russell DS, et al Induction of BDNE and trkB by electroconvulsive seizure regional regulation and role of CREB. Soc Neurosci 24 1312, 1994... 

Nicotine in tobacco has always been used for medicinal purposes. Nicotine solutions made from soaking tobacco leaves in water have been used as pesticides for several hundred years. In modern times, numerous pharmaceutical companies have explored nicotines use for treating diseases. Nicotines most prevalent medicinal use is for smoking cessation in the form of alternate delivery systems such as gums and dermal patches. Nicotine is used medically for numerous conditions and its use is being explored in additional areas including pain relievers, attention deficit disorder medications and medications associated with Alzheimer s disease, Parkinson disease, colitis, herpes, and tuberculosis. Because of nicotines potential therapeutic use, several large tobacco companies have developed pharmaceutical divisions. 

Alzheimer s disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of senile dementia. Up to two million people in North America suffer from it, and it is the fourth cause of death in the elderly. The cause and treatment of this disease are therefore extremely important. Although the role of aluminum in AD and its in vivo chemistry is not known in detail, patients with Alzheimer s disease have been shown to have elevated aluminum concentrations in certain parts of the brain. Aluminum appears to concentrate in the nucleus. Crosslinks with DNA strands have been found. Crosslink formation can be reversed by sequestering the aluminum with EDTA. 

Wolozin B, Kellman W, Ruosseau P, Celesia GG, Siegel G. Decreased prevalence of Alzheimer disease associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Arch Neurol 2000 57(10) 1439-1443. 

CCS Case-control 4750 M-F Use of vitamin E and C supplements in combination reduces the prevalence of Alzheimer s disease (208)... 

Alzheimer s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. Prevalence increases with age and by the year 2050 it has been estimated that world-wide 1 out of 85 persons will suffer from AD (Brookmeyer et ah, 2007). AD is clinically characterized by progressive memory deficits, speech problems, and visuospatial orientation. As the disease advances, the patient my develop apraxia (loss of the ability to execute or cany out learned purposeful movements), and requires help in performing activities of daily living. In moderate and severe stages of the disease, AD patients may show signs of neuropsychiatric syndromes like labile affect, aggression, hallucinations, sleep disturbances, and apathy. 

In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, 12-week trial in Australia and New Zealand, 384 patients with dementia, mainly Alzheimer s disease, were initially enrolled and received at least one dose of risperidone (n = 167 71% women mean age 83 years modal dose 0.99 mg/day) or placebo (n = 170 72% women mean age 83 years) (47). Clinical improvement in aggression and psychotic symptoms was evidenced by means of specific scales 45 subjects taking risperidone and 56 taking placebo did not complete the trial, mainly because of insufficient responses and adverse effects. In the whole sample there was a high prevalence and variety of adverse events (94% of those taking risperidone and 92% of those taking placebo), mainly injuries, falls, somnolence, and urinary tract infections however, only the last two were more common in those taking risperidone than in those... 

The areas reviewed in this chapter represent some research trends and directions in psychiatric therapeutics. Some methods, like VNS and a new generation of medications, are just entering clinical practice and only time will tell what their impact will be. Clearly, the bar must be raised so that newer treatments produce stronger beneficial effects, in shorter times, on a wider segment of patients, and with few or no side effects. These challenges, for example, are particularly formidable in disorders like schizophrenia and Alzheimer s disease, which have relatively high prevalence rates, are severely disabling, and current treatments offer only modest results. 

Late-onset Alzheimer s disease (AD) is the most prevalent subtype of age-related dementia accounting for 60% of cases of dementia and with a mean prevalence estimate of 3.4% (Kalaria et al., 2008). If growth in the older population continues, it is projected that the prevalence of AD will nearly quadruple in the next 50 years, by which time approximately 1 in 45 individuals will be afflicted with the disease (Brookmeyer et al., 1998). 

Listen, stranger this was myself this was 1. (W. Faulkner, very last sentence in The Jail ) Alzheimer s disease has prevalence estimates of approximately 10% in individuals over age 65 and 30% in individuals over age 85 in the United States. Clinically AD presents as a progressive deterioration of selective cognitive domains, with initial symptoms indicating a decline in memory function, particularly a loss of episodic memory, which is considered a subcategory of declarative memory. But it is also well documented that a large number of elderly people have poorer memory performances, with prevalence of up to 40% in individuals over 60 years (Hanninen et al.,... 

---