Cognitive domain

Laboratory activities have the distinct advantage of engaging both the stndents psychomotor and the cognitive domains of learning. They begin with the... 

Dementia is the loss of function in multiple cognitive domains that occurs over a longer period of time, usually months to years. Diagnostic features include memory impairment and at least one of the following aphasia (deterioration of speech), apraxia (impaired ability to execute motor activities despite intact motor abilities, sensory function, and comprehension of the required task), agnosia (failure to recognize or identify objects despite intact sensory function), or disturbances in executive functioning.1... 

Sttuctural deficits such as those described, however, may contribute to the cognitive deficits observed in nicotine-deprived smokers (for review, see Heishman et al. 1994 Parrott et al. 1996). The differences in gray matter volumes and densities in the DLPFC between smokers and nonsmokers are of particular interest. The DLPFC plays an essential role in maintenance and manipulation of information in working memory (Callicott et al. 1999 D Esposito et al. 1999), and other cognitive domains (Richeson et al. 2003). Nicotine-deprived smokers exhibit performance deficits on tests of working memory (Mendrek et al. 2006), as well as altered activation in the DLPFC associated with working memory (Xu et al. 2005). 

One glance further up from autopoiesis to the cognitive domain... 

The notion of cognition, as one of the determinants of life, permits a link with the humanistic cognitive domain, including ethics and consciousness. I have mentioned... 

The symptoms of AD are not restricted to the cognitive domain but include the following ... 

Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder with a prevalence of nearly 1% of the world population. Clinically, schizophrenia is characterized by chronic psychotic symptoms and psychosocial impairment. At least two core syndromes of schizophrenia, the positive and the negative, are recognized (Liddle, 1987). Those in whom positive symptoms predominate have hallucinations, delusions, and paranoid ideation. Those with negative symptoms have apathy and anledonia. Besides impairment in the cognitive domain, individuals with schizophrenia show a deficit in emotion processing, as indicated by a markedly reduced ability to perceive, process, and express facial emotions (Aleman et al., 1999). 

Occasionally, mice may have altered cognitive domains that may be easily misinterpreted in models of depression (9). For example, mice with elevated learning and memory abilities may display active initial locomotion that decreases significantly over time. While this reduction in... 

The neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia are considered a separate domain of the illness that is relatively independent of psychotic symptoms and closely related to functional outcome. Following the MATRICS initiative (http //www.matrics.ucla.edu), interest in this field recently increased. A description of the background and rationale for this initiative can be found in ref. 56. The following separable cognitive domains in schizophrenia were identified ... 

Effects of 5-ht6 Receptor Antagonists on Cognitive Domains Affected in Schizophrenia... 

Cognitive domain Suggested animal tests Effects of 5-ht6 antagonists Ref. 

Green MF, Nuechterlein KH, Gold JM, et al. Approaching a consensus cognitive batteiy for clinical trials in schizophrenia the NIMH-MATRICS conference to select cognitive domains and test criteria. Biol Psychiatry 2004 56 301-307. 

Indeed, the analogy with madness offers clues about the creation of dreams by the brain precisely because the form of dreaming is very much like certain kinds of madness. The combination of frequent visual hallucinations (in the perceptual domain), instability of orientation, and recent memory loss (in the cognitive domain)... 

The Possible Use of Spatial Codes in Other Cognitive Domains... 

Ample evidence in the literature and reviewed in this volume indicates that people use spatial representations to deal with problems in other cognitive domains. This section discusses the possibility that animals also might use spatial schemas to deal with problems in other cognitive domains. The fundamental nature of spatial representations for the survival of organisms suggests that such representations might be found in both humans and nonhumans. Two speculative examples will be discussed here. 

Given the unquestionable importance of spatial representation to animals, it is possible that they use such representations to deal with problems in other cognitive domains. Some evidence in support of the idea that animals might use linear spatial models to keep track of time and number and to perform transitive inference was discussed, but these possibilities remain highly speculative. 

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