Alternative sources of energy

Discuss the future alternative sources of energy for light, heat, and power. 

The operational test of the lube system is, as the name implies, a functional test to check as many of the features as practical under running conditions. The first and last step is a demonstration of the cleanliness of the system. This is followed by a running test of a four-hour duration. The test should simulate the field operation with the compressor in every way practical. All equipment to be furnished with the lube system should be used in the test, including the standby pump start and trip switches. All other instruments should be used to demonstrate their operation. Prior to starting the four-hour run, the system should be thoroughly inspected for leaks and the leaks corrected. If no steam is available for a steam turbine (if one is used), the four-hour run can be made on the electric pump. However, every effort should be made to use an alternate source of energy such as compressed air, to operate the steam turbine. 

In order to reduce the problem of global warming, society needs to find alternative sources of energy. The problem with burning fossil fuels is that they release too much —... 

Plants to process alternate sources of energy will make low-sulfur fuels from high-sulfur feeds such as coal, oil shale, tar sands, or heavy oil. Elemental sulfur will be a normal byproduct. Nearly all processing schemes first produce H2S from the sulfur compounds in the raw material, and then convert H2S to elemental sulfur. Usually this conversion step is labelled "Claus Process". 

Along with other alternative sources of energy during the energy crisis of the 1970s, considerable attention was devoted to the exploitation of tar sands. Once, it was predicted that deposits in Canada could yield a light synthetic crude oil to the extent of a million barrels per day, or about one-third of Canada s petroleum requirements. Later, when serious environmental concern over fossil fuels was indicated, research turned essentially elsewhere. It was estimated in the late 1970s that tar sands reserves hi the United States, mainly in Utah, would have the petroleum equivalent of 90 billion barrels. 

Draw up a table showing the alternative sources of energy along with their advantages and disadvantages. 

The gradual exhaustion of the world resources of fossile fuels and the increase in their prices in the early 1970s prompted world-wide research to develop alternative sources of energy. 

Also consistent with LCM uptake being an active (endo-cytic) process is the separate finding, in an in vitro kinetic study with both C6 and 9L tumor cells, that both dinitrophenol and sodium azide (i.e., energy blockers) inhibit LCM uptake in both tumor cell lines. Addition of glucose to the medium as an alternate source of energy restored the LCM uptake, indicating an energy-dependent uptake (ref. 534). 

There has been substantial progress in the use of alternative sources of energy, such as nuclear and wind energy. The attitude to nuclear energy in different countries remains ambiguous. The number of nuclear reactors in the world (in NPSs) has increased to 437 due to the commissioning in 2007 of new reactors in China (4), South Korea (2), and the Czech Republic (1). In 2002, construction was started of six new reactors in India, and 26 others worldwide were in the process of construction (their combined power will be 20,959 MW). In the U.K. NPSs are considered uncompetitive, and Belgium plans to ban them by 2025. 

Lee, H.J., Kim, S.I., and Mok, Y.I., Biomass and ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke, in Alternative Sources of Energy for Agriculture Proceedings of the International Symposium, September 4-7, 1984, Taiwan Sugar Research Institute, Tainan, Taiwan, 1985, pp. 309-319. 

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