Energy sources alternative

D. Fiankel and Y. Shabtai, Miami International Conference, Alternative Energy Sources, Hemispheie Pub. Corp., Washington, D.C., 1977, pp. 557—559. 

R. J. Teitel, "Experimental Studies on Microcavity Hydrogen Storage," IrdMiami International Conference on Alternative Energy Sources, Miami Beach, Ha., 1980. 

The commercial production of shale oil as an alternative energy source has not been economically feasible. As of 1995, all commercial oil shale operations in the world (Petrobras, Bra2il PAMA, Israel The Chinese Petroleum Corporation, Fushun and Maoming, China KivioH Oil Shale Processing Plant, Kohda-Jarve, Estonia) receive some sort of economic incentives or assistance from the countries in which they are operating. 

J. Braslaw, J. Nasea, and A. GoXoxoy, Alternative Energy Sources Proceedings of the Miami Int. Conf. on Alternative Energy Sources, 4th ed., Ann Arbor Science PubHsheis, Ann Arbor, Mich., pp. 261—270, 1980. 

Remick, R.J., Tiller, A.J., Advanced Methods for Low Pressure Storage of CNG, Non-petroleum Vehicular Fuels Conference, Washington, April 1985 Otto, K., Alternative Energy Sources IV, Vol 6 p241, Ann Arbor Science, MI Barton, S.S., Holland, J.A. Quinn, D.F., "The Development of Adsorbent Carbon for Storage of Compressed Natural Gas, Report AF-85-01, Ontario Ministry of Transportation, 1985 1201 Wilson Ave, Downsview, Ontario, Canada M3M 1J8... 

Owing to diminishing fossil fuel reserves, alternative energy sources need to be renewable, sustainable, efficient, cost-effective, convenient and safe.1 In recent decades, microbial production of ethanol has been considered as an alternative fuel for the future because fossil fuels are depleting. Several microorganisms, including Clostridium sp. and yeast, the well-known ethanol producers Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis, are suitable candidates to produce ethanol.2,3... 

Section 2 Fuel cells as an alternate energy source... 

Emerging Greener Technologies and Alternative Energy Sources... 

H2 serves as the alternative energy source relative to fossil fuels and biomass [181] because it is clean and environmentally friendly. Hence, catalytic hydrogen generation from water under mild conditions is one of the goals for the organometallic catalysis. One of the hopeful methods is the electrochemical reduction of protons by a hydrogenase mimic. 

H. Mohr, How Viable are Alternative Energy Sources Sulzer Technical Review, 1987. 

Although technologies for using alternate energy sources exist, most of the transportation infrastructure is still based on the consumption of refined crude oil. 

Another issue with metals is availability. For example, cobalt is not produced in the United States, but it used extensively in a wide variety of alloys and in the production of one of the most common types of lithium batteries. The availability of cobalt is crucial to several segments of American industry. For example, batteries being developed for use in automobiles powered by alternate energy sources are currently envisioned to use a lithium ion battery that also contains cobalt. However, cobalt is not the only strategic metal, and there is concern about the availability of several metals that are vital to industries in the United States, China, and Japan. There will be competition and stockpiling of strategic metals as the reserves become less accessible. 

Cells that do not have mitochondria (such as red blood cells) must use glucose for energy since they have no TCA cycle or oxidative phosphorylation. Without a constant glucose supply, these cells would die. The brain relies heavily on glucose metabolism for energy however, the brain can adapt to use alternative energy sources if glucose is not available. 

Otto, K., Alternative Energy Sources IV, Vol 6 p241, Ann Arbor Science, MI... 

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