Nickel-cobalt-iron alloy

Soft magnetic materials are characterized by high permeabiUty and low coercivity. There are sis principal groups of commercially important soft magnetic materials iron and low carbon steels, iron—siUcon alloys, iron—aluminum and iron—aluminum—silicon alloys, nickel—iron alloys, iron-cobalt alloys, and ferrites. In addition, iron-boron-based amorphous soft magnetic alloys are commercially available. Some have properties similar to the best grades of the permalloys whereas others exhibit core losses substantially below those of the oriented siUcon steels. Table 1 summarizes the properties of some of these materials. 

Cemented tungsten carbides also find use as a support for polycrystalline diamond (PCD) cutting tips, or as a matrix alloy with cobalt, nickel, copper, and iron, ia which diamond particles are embedded. These tools are employed ia a variety of iadustries including mineral exploration and development oil and gas exploration and production and concrete, asphalt, and dimension stone cutting. 

Table 4-15 lists base materials Elliott has tested. This list, which is continually being expanded, includes low alloy steels, high alloy iron base, nickel base, cobalt base materials, and odiers. Table 4-16 shows some of the coatings Elliott has tested. The list indicates die supplier, coating designation, and major components of the coating composition. 

Making of Inorganic Materials by Electrochemical Methods Aluminium alloys with iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, and silver... 

For alloys of iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper the calculated values of saturation magnetic moments agree closely with the observed values in particular, the maximum value of about 2.48 magnetons at electron number about 26.3 is reproduced by the theory. There is, however, only rough agreement between the observed and calculated values of the Curie temperature. 

For iron, cobalt, nickel, and their alloys, the most sensitive technique for characterizing the particle surface is the measurement of magnetic properties. Thus, we synthesized cobalt nanoparticles of 1.6 nm (ca. 150 atoms), 2 nm (ca. 300 atoms) and 4 nm (a few thousand atoms) mean size. The structure of the particles is hep in the latter case and polytetrahedral in the first two cases. The 4 nm particles display a saturation magnetization equal to that of bulk... 

CSC atomization was developed by AEA Harwell Laboratories in the UK in the early 1970 s. Initially, the CSC process was used for the atomization of refractory and oxide materials such as alumina, plutonium oxides, and uranium monocarbide in nuclear fuel applications. Since it is well-suited to the atomization of reactive metals/alloys or those subject to segregation, the CSC process has been applied to a variety of materials such as iron, cobalt, nickel, and titanium alloys and many refractory metals. The process also has potential to scale up to a continuous process. 

Small metal particles can also be obtained by vacuum evaporation in low pressure inert gases (16). Magnetic particles of metals such as iron, cobalt, nickel, and alloys of these metals can be prepared by this method. Though the amounts of particles obtainable by this method are limited, the particles are clean as compared with particles precipitated from solutions. They are mainly used for studies of physical properties of fine particles. 

The surface activation consisting of zinc deposition, heat treatment, and subsequent leaching of zinc (63, 64) was applied to different amorphous iron-, cobalt-, nickel-, and palladium-based alloys (63, 64). SEM measurements indicated the formation of a porous surface layer. Cyclic voltammetric examinations suggested an increase of surface area by about two orders of magnitude. Heat treatments at higher temperatures resulted in thicker, more porous surface layers and higher electrocatalytic activities (Table II). Palladium-phosphorus alloys with Ni, Pt, Ru, or Rh proved to be the best specimens. Pd-Ni-P with 5% Ni, after treatment at 573 K, exhibited even higher activity than that of the Pt-Pt electrode (Table II). These amorphous alloy electrodes were active in the oxidation of methanol, formaldehyde, and sodium formate. 

The phenomenon oi ferromagnetism long remained mysterious. It is confined to a few substances, iron, cobalt, nickel, and certain of their alloys and compounds, and is characterized by being enormously more powerful than paramagnetism. 

In [9], we compared the values of AH of the compounds of transition metals with Al, Sb, and Sn, and we found that the enthalpy of atomization of these compounds increased along the iron-cobalt-nickel series. TTiis was compared with the postulated rise of the electron affinity along the same series of the iron-group transition elements. In [10], we drew attention to the fact that the same relationship was obeyed by silicon alloys rich in transition metals (these alloys were characterized by relatively strong metallic interaction). This relationship was not obeyed by the compounds of transition metals with nonmetals (such as transition-metal sulfides). 

Molds and crucibles for teeming metal alloys based on iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, as well as titanium alloys... 

Mor] Morachevskii, A.G., Kolosova, E.Yu., Tsymbulov, L.B., Tsemekhman, L.Sh., Activity of Components in Liquid Alloys of flic Iron-Cobalt-Nickel System , Russ. J. Appl. Chem., 78(12), 1930-1933 (2005), translated finm Zh. Prikl. Khim., 78(12), 1963-1966, (2005) (Phase Diagram, Phase Relations, Thermodyn., 19)... 

Carbon nanofibers with controllable nanoporous structures can be prepared via different ways. An oldest method is the catalytic decomposition of certain hydrocarbons on small metal particles such as iron, cobalt, nickel, and some of their alloys [80]. The mechanism includes hydrocarbon adsorption on a metal surface, conversion of the adsorbed hydrocarbon to adsorbed surface carbon via surface reactions, subsequent segregation of surface carbon into the layers near the surface, diffusion of carbon through metal particles, and then precipitation on the rare side of the particle [81]. The size of the catalyst nanoparticles seems to be the determining factor for the diameter of the carbon nanostructures grown on it. Small nanoparticles catalyze this grown better than the big ones due to that exhibit pecu-... 

Selective leaching or dealloying is the selective removal of one element from an alloy by corrosion processes. The most common example is the selective removal (dezincification) of zinc in brass alloys. Dezincification may either be plug-type or uniform. In other alloy systems, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, and other elements may be selectively removed [49]. Little work has been done in differentiating susceptibility of selective leaching of alloys in synthetic and naturtil seawater [6]. 

In order to produce methanol the catalyst should only dissociate the hydrogen but leave the carbon monoxide intact. Metals such as copper (in practice promoted with ZnO) and palladium as well as several alloys based on noble group VIII metals fulfill these requirements. Iron, cobalt, nickel, and ruthenium, on the other hand, are active for the production of hydrocarbons, because in contrast to copper, these metals easily dissociate CO. Nickel is a selective catalyst for methane formation. Carbidic carbon formed on the surface of the catalyst is hydrogenated to methane. The oxygen atoms from dissociated CO react with CO to CO2 or with H-atoms to water. The conversion of CO and H2 to higher hydrocarbons (on Fe, Co, and Ru) is called the Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The Fischer-Tropsch process provides a way to produce liquid fuels from coal or natural gas. 

Kharchenko, O.I., 1977, Investigation of the ternary systems of yttrium, cerium and lanthanum with iron, cobalt, nickel and copper phase equilibria, crystal structures and some physical properties of the alloys, Ph.D. Chemistry thesis, 1977, Lvov (Lvov State University, Lvov) pp. 1-20. 

Nickel is silvery white and takes on a high polish. It is hard, malleable, ductile, somewhat ferromagnetic, and a fair conductor of heat and electricity. It belongs to the iron-cobalt group of metals and is chiefly valuable for the alloys it forms. 

It is alloyed with iron, nickel and other metals to make Alnico, an alloy of unusual magnetic strength with many important uses. Stellite alloys, containing cobalt, chromium, and tungsten, are used for high-speed, heavy-duty, high temperature cutting tools, and for dies. 

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