Allergy or hypersensitivity

It is unclear why certain foreign proteins can also stimulate the B-cells to secrete IgE antibodies, to result in allergy or hypersensitivity. The terms are used interchangeably, although the latter is usually restricted to milder forms of the response. The term anaphylaxis is used to describe the severe response (Box 17.4). Both reactions arise in genetically susceptible individuals and they are precipitated by exposure to environmental antigens such as pollen, some organic compounds, tobacco smoke, animal hairs or even components of some common foods such as milk and cereals. 

Patients with known allergies or hypersensitivity to mouse proteins, human antimouse antibodies (HAMA) titers should be determined before administration of Tc-CEA-Scan. 

Some toxicants like beryllium, chromium, nickel, formaldehyde, different pesticides, resins and plasticizers are known as the chemical species, which cause allergy or hypersensitivity of the immune system. This kind of response results when the immune system overreacts to presence of a foreign agent or its metabolites in a self-destructive manner. 

Absolute contraindication oxymorphone ER is contraindicated in patients with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to oxymorphone hydrochloride, morphine analogs, or other ingredients which are used in the manufacturing of oxymorphone ER [ 1 ]. 

As those who suffer from allergies well know, overstimulation of the immune system can cause significant ill effects. Known as allergy or hypersensitivity, the self-destructive overstimulation of the immune system can result from xenobiotic substance exposure. Some metals including... 

Proteins are absorbed in the form of amino acids and also, to an uncertain extent, as simpler polypeptides (London and Kotschnefif, 1928-34). Absorption of intact protein by a defective mucosa is responsible for allergy, or hypersensitiveness to certain foodstuffe, such as egg-white and milk protein. 

The general objectives for assessing the sensitization potential of a substance are to examine whether there are indications from human experience of skin allergy or respiratory hypersensitivity following exposure to the substance, and whether the substance has a skin sensitization potential based on tests in animals. 

Hypersensitivity reactions Hypersensitivity reactions may occur in patients with or without a history of allergy or bronchial asthma cross-sensitivity with sulfonamides may also occur. Refer to Management of Acute Hypersensitivity Reactions. 

Thienopyridines are contraindicated in patients with allergy and hypersensitivity to the drug, in case of very severe hepatic insufficiency and, of course, in case of hemorrhagic disease bleeding ulcer or intracranial hemorrhage. 

Adverse effects associated with ocular drugs are not imcommon, bnt serious reactions are extremely rare. These adverse reactions are nsnally manifestations of drug hypersensitivity (allergy) or toxicity. The allergic or toxic reaction usually occurs locally in the ocular tissues. Occasionally, as in erythema multiforme potentiated by sulfonamide agents, adverse reactions can manifest as a systemic response. 

The cephalosporins are contraindicated in patients with known allergies or intolerances to any of the cephalosporins. Because the penicillins and cephalosporins have a common chemical structure, cross-allergies occur with these drugs. Thus before initiating therapy with a cephalosporin, careful inquiry should be made concerning previous hypersensitivity reactions to the other drugs. Because a secondary vitamin K deficiency can develop with cephalosporin use, the cephalosporins are contraindicated in patients with hemophilia. Cefaclor is also contraindicated in any patient with previous drug-related joint and skin reactions. 

Determine if the patient has any allergies or has had any hypersensitivities to barbiturates or benzodiazepine in the past. 

Another type of toxic effect on the lung involves the allergic or hypersensitivity reactions. Inhalation of particulates, such as cotton dust, pollens, molds, and bacterial contaminants, could induce such allergy. The clinical symptoms are asthma, bronchocon-striction, and chronic bronchitis. 

The production of antibodies known as IgE and a series of interactions between various cell types and chemical mediators are known to be involved in most confirmed cases of food allergy. This type of IgE-mediated allergy or type I hypersensitivity reaction produces immediate symptoms, the most severe form being anaphylaxis. Other immediate symptoms, such as rhinitis, urticaria, and other affections of the mouth, gut, skin, and respiratory tract, may precede anaphylaxis or occur alone as a less severe manifestation. These reactions would be considered as immediate hypersensitivities. Any food that contains protein has the potential to elicit such allergic sensitization. More than 170 different foods have been documented to be responsible for eliciting immediate hypersensitivities (Taylor, 2000). 

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