Animal hair

Vegetable (based on cellulose) cotton (qv), linen, hemp, jute, ramie Animal (based on proteias) wool (qv), mohair, vicuna, other animal hairs, silk Mineral asbestos (qv)... 

As a result a new approaehes in DCP-ai e atomie-emission speetrometry were applied for Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe and P determination in blood semm and Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, P, Mn, Pb, Cd, Sn, Sr et al. - in human and animals hair with relative standai d deviation (RSD) about 10-20 %. The aeeuraey eontrol has been realized by a eomparison of data produeed with the results of independent methods (atomie-absorption speetrometry and inverse voltammetry). 

It was apparently helpful to add Hg" to the dil HNO3 used to roughen the surface of the animal hair employed in the making of felt which is a non-woven fabric of randomly oriented hairs. 

Mechanical humidistats employ materials which change dimension with humidity, such as animal hair, plastics, cellulosics, etc. These can work a switch directly. 

Animal Hair, wool Staple fibers Keratin, a protein... 

A product used in upholstery and as a resilient packaging material. It is made by spraying a loose mat of curled animal hair with latex and applying heat to vulcanise the rubber. The resilience of the product comes from the fibres, the junction points of which are anchored by the rubber. 

Figure 5.1 shows that the dorsal surface of mane, both black and white, is covered with the usual scaly structures found in a large number of species of animal hair. No significant difference was observed between white and black mane. The cross section of mane (Fig. 5.2) reveals a network of tubular spaces inside the hair. Small grooves or pockets within the concave scales are distinguishable at a magnification of 5000X. 

Of all animals hair samples of four different body areas (throat region, sternal region, lateral abdomen, ventral of the base of the tail) (Fig. 15.1) were taken using an electric hair-clipping device. Additionally, during one breeding season, swabs of the anal gland secretion were collected from 8 male and 7 female fossas. 

It is unclear why certain foreign proteins can also stimulate the B-cells to secrete IgE antibodies, to result in allergy or hypersensitivity. The terms are used interchangeably, although the latter is usually restricted to milder forms of the response. The term anaphylaxis is used to describe the severe response (Box 17.4). Both reactions arise in genetically susceptible individuals and they are precipitated by exposure to environmental antigens such as pollen, some organic compounds, tobacco smoke, animal hairs or even components of some common foods such as milk and cereals. 

The major textiles before the 1920s were wool (animal hair), cotton (a seed pod), and silk (a protein used for making cocoons). The silk spider also had a clever device in its abdomen for expelling a gel in a sac through a spinneret where reactions with air made a solid fiber with a uniform cross section. DuPont took this idea in spinning hydrolyzed cellulose into rayon fibers and scaling-the process up far beyond the needs of spiders. 

Fibrous proteins represent a substantial subset of the human proteome. They include the filamentous structures found in animal hair that act as a protective and thermoregulatory outer material. They are responsible for specifying much of an animal s skeleton, and connective tissues such as tendon, skin, bone, cornea and cartilage all play an important role in this regard. Fibrous proteins are frequently crucial in locomotion and are epitomised by the muscle proteins myosin and tropomyosin and by elastic structures like titin. Yet again the fibrous proteins include filamentous assemblies, such as actin filaments and microtubules, where these provide supporting structures and tracks for the action of a variety of molecular motors. 

Animal Fibers. Animal hair composed of protein is a common biological fiber. Numerous types of hair have been used commercially for weaving, production of ropes, padding, and insulation. 

Wool fibers are made of animal hair, principally from sheep. Each hair is a complex structure made up of layers of protein molecules. Cloth made from wool has excellent insulating properties and resists wrinkling. Wool fibers can be stretched, dyed, and woven. 

Human hair, depending on race, may be about 100 micrometers thick. Animal hair may show a central canal scales or surface patterns may be present. 

Brushes have been made from both plant and animal materials. Fine bmshes, for writing or painting, are usually made of animal hair. Toothbrushes and short-bristle cleaning brushes are most often made of stiff plant materials, like small twigs or stems. 

Brushes for fine or delicate work, such as writing, painting, or applying cosmetics, may be made from animal hair. Brisdes, usually from pigs or boar, are stiff hairs that are used for hair brushes and some cleaning tools. Softer hairs for brushes are usually taken from sable, oxen, squirrel, horse, goat, or badger. 

As will be shown, it should be theoretically possible to make any of the common manufactured fibers in bicomponent forms. However, acrylics have received the most attention for quite good reasons. Their general characteristics have tended to make them competitive with wool. This means that they should be processible on machinery developed for handling wool, as well as capable of being accepted into markets previously dominated by an animal hair fiber. It follows that because the natural fiber possesses crimp which produces the cohesion that determines its behavior in processing and in part its appearance and hand in usage, a similar crimp was desired for acrylics. 

The papers dealing with the GC/MS detection of 10 different opiates in hair are listed in Table 7. The first report was published in 1984 about codeine detection in animal hair after administration of the drug. One paper is included with direct insertion of the probe and Cl. As heroin samples always contain codeine as an impurity, this substance also can be detected in cases of heroin abuse. Morphine is a metabolite of codeine and can be detected when codeine is abused. The quantitation of both drugs allows differentiation between codeine and heroin abuse. The detection of heroin or 6-acetylmorphine opens the possibility to prove directly the abuse of heroin.2 2" Here also, the more lipophilic 6-acetylmorphine exceeds the morphine in most samples. 

Nagai, T, Nagai, T, Detection of Codeine from Animal Hair and the Lapse of Time of Its Accumulation, Igaku To Seibutsugaku, 109, 145,1984. 

On the other hand, the loose feathers identified from Etowah No. 1156 could have been spun at one time, but they come from a mat of fiberlike material on which no yam structures currently are evident. Their juxtaposition with the re-plied yam (perhaps of animal hair) presents an anomaly because descriptions (8,12) of other feather yarns do not include a re-plied yam without a bast core. The yam appears to be alike in all its parts. Its color, texture, and surface smoothness suggest an animal-hair fiber. 

During the course of the next 1,500 years, Europe witnessed sporadic outbreaks of anthrax as they occurred in 14th century Germany and 17th century central Europe and Russia. The disease was classified as anthrax or charbon malin (Morens, 2003) in 1769 by the French physician Nicholas Fournier (Fournier, 1769 Morens, 2003). The name is derived from the black eschar lesions, the hallmark of cutaneous infection. Fournier also noted a link between those who worked with raw animal hair or wool and an increased susceptibility to disease. In the 18th century, an epidemic destroyed half of the sheep in Europe, possible evidence that anthrax was a major problem. Inhalation anthrax became known in the Victorian era as woolsorters disease however, infection was more often the result of contact with goat hair or alpaca than wool. 

Wool and silk. Wool is animal hair from the body of sheep. Silk is a lustrous, tough elastic fiber produced by silkworms. Both wool and silk fibers are protein substances with both acidic and basic properties. The building blocks for these fibers are amino acids. The a amino acids... 

Animal hairs develop by the proliferation of cells from the germinal layers of the skin in specialized structures known as follicles. As the cells progress up the follicle toward the skin surface three types of cells differentiate and fuse together to give the principal components of the fiber. 

The cortex forms the bulk of fine animal hairs and is derived from highly differentiated spindle-shaped cells that are densely packed with keratinous proteins. The long axes of the cortical cells are oriented parallel to the fiber length, and elongated cavities near the center of the cells are similarly oriented. These cavities are derived from the nuclei of the developing cells and contain debris usually referred to as nuclear remnants. Between cortical cells there is a layer 250-300 A in thickness which is similar to that found between cuticle cells this also is referred to sometimes as intercellular cement. Many nonkeratinous inclusions are found within the cortical cells and these are believed to be cytoplasmic debris. 

Animal hair fibers consist of a protein known as keratin, It has a composition similar to human hair. Keratin proteins are actually crystalline copolymers of nylon, where the repeating units are amino acids. The fibrous proteins form crystals. They also crosslink through disulfide bonds present in the cystine amino acid. 

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