Allelochemical interactions

Roshchina, V.V. and Mel nikova, E.V. (1999). Microspectrofluorimetry of intact secreting cells applied to allelopathy. In Principles and Practices in Plant Ecology Allelochemicals Interactions, (Eds., Inderjit, K.M.M.Dakshini, and C.L.Foy). Pp.99-126. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 

For most of the world s plants mycorrhizae are the primary interface between physiologically active areas of the root and the external environment. Hence it is likely that many, perhaps most, allelochemical interactions Involving higher plant roots are mediated by the fungal symbiont. Herein we briefly review past research dealing with allelopathic effects on mycorrhizae, and discuss how interaction between mycorrhizae and chemicals may influence structural and functional aspects of ecosystems. Most studies to date have dealt with EM in forest ecosystems, and this is where our discussion will focus. 

Some of the more important allelochemical interactions involve soil microbes. They may be either donors or recipients. Microbiologists should make an effort to identify soil organisms that produce phytotoxins because they may damage crops in the field or prove useful as biocontrol agents or sources of useful chemicals. 

Nutrient-Allelochemical Interactions in Host Plant Resistance... 

Many aspects of nutrient-allelochemical interactions are probably key factors In the suitability of a given plant species as a host for a particular Insect. At best, this may be a less than optimal situation for the insect, since even what appears to be a susceptible plant Is likely to be fairly well defended against Insect and pathogen attack. If the plant contains the essential nutrients for the Insect, but the utilization of these nutrients Is blocked In some way by allelochemlcs or by too much or too little water, then growth may be slowed. If, due to behavioral modifiers, the Insect will not feed on the plant, then plant nutrients are not available to the Insect. 

Whitman, D. W. (1988). Allelochemical interactions among plants, herbivores, and their predators. In Novel Aspects of Insect-Plant Interactions, eds. P. Barbosa and D. Letourneau, pp. 207-248. New York John Wiley Sons. 

Waller, G.R., M.C. Feng, Y. Fujii. Biochemical analysis of allelopathic compounds plants, microorganisms, and soil secondary metabolites. In Principles and Practices in Plant Ecology Allelochemical interactions, Inderjit, Dakshini and Foy C.L. eds. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, US A. 1999, pp. 

It is this allelochemical interaction amongst soil microbial communities and the way in which their relationships subsequently influence plant health and disease development that will form the emphasis of the present chapter. 

Schmidt, S.K., Ley, R.E. Microbial competition and soil structure limit the expression of allelochemicals in nature. In Principles and Practices in Plant Ecology Allelochemical Interactions, Inderjit,... 

Porter, J. W. and Targett, N. M., Allelochemical interactions between sponges and corals, Biol. Bull., 175, 230. 1988. 

Dalton, B. R., 1999. The occurrence and behavior of plant phenolic acids in soil environments and their potential involvement in allelochemical interference interactions Methodological limitations in establishing conclusive proof of allelopathy. In Inderjit, Dakshini, K. M. M., and Foy, C. L., (Eds.), Principles and Practices in Plant Ecology Allelochemical Interactions, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 57-74... 

Methods to Study Allelochemical Interactions at the Molecular Level.188... 

METHODS TO STUDY ALLELOCHEMICAL INTERACTIONS AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL... 

Most of the dimeric phenanthrenoids are C-C linked between the two units. However, phoyurmanin E (420) from whole plant of Pholidota yunnanensis ROLFE. is connected at C-1 and C-7 through an ether bond [5]. In these studies on the allelochemical interaction, between the wetland plant Juncus acutus and microalgae, six unusual dimeric 9,10-dihydro- phenanthrenoids 426-431, have been isolated and identified [190,191] as having different connection patterns. Fig. (20). 

The hydroxylated fatty acids hold the promise of being safe, simple and specific plant protectants. Our work on laetisaric acid demonstrates how the investigation of allelochemical interactions may lead to the development of new biorational agrochemicals. 

Reese (37) has studied nutrlent-allelochemical Interactions using diets supplemented by plant extracts. He has concluded that many of the deleterious effects may be due primarily to various Interactions between these allelochemical and essential nutrients. It Is Important to not only consider the presence of nutrients, but also the bloavallability of these nutrients to the phytophagous Insect. He cited findings where neonate larvae were found more sensitive to plant allelochemicals than older larvae, and Interpreted the greater resistance of the older larvae In terms of Increasing capability to utilize available nutrients, probably because of the Induction of enzymatic detoxification systems. 

Allelochemical interactions in marine organisms are not restricted to sex pheromones. Predator-prey interaction, feeding behavior and species, sex and individual recognition are also involved. 

Blum U (1999) Designing laboratory plant debris-soil bioassays some reflections. In Inderjit, Daskshini KMM, Foy CL (eds) Principles and practices in plant ecology allelochemical interactions. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 17-23 Blum U (2006) Allelopathy a soil system perspective. In Reigosa MJ, Pedrol N, Gonzdlez L (eds) Allelopathy a physiological process with ecological implications. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp 299-340... 

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