Alcohols 4-methyl-2-pentanol

Evolution of volatile components was found to depend strongly on the alcohol used in ZDDP manufacture, as illustrated in Figs. lQ-14 and Tables 9-12. ZDDPs C and D made from the secondary alcohols, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, appear to break down readily under the conditions of the Selby-Noack test. Within the first 10 min, whatever volatile species were formed were given off, and the only phosphorus-containing species in the residual oil were fully oxidized phosphates. Interestingly, the PEI values were comparatively low and constant. 

Synonyms/Trade Names Isobutylmethylcarbinol, Methyl amyl alcohol, 4-Methyl-2-pentanol, MIBC... 

Methylpentan-1-ol 2-Methylpentanol-1. See 2-Methyl-1-pentanol 2-Methyl-4-pentanol 4-Methylpentanol-2 4-Methyl-2-pentanol 4-Methylpentan-2-ol. See Methyl amyl alcohol 4-Methyl-2-pentanol acetate. See Methyl amyl acetate 2-Methyl-2-pentanol-4-one. See Diacetone alcohol 2-Methyl-4-pentanone 4-Methyl-2-pentanone 4-Methylpentan-2-one. See Methyl isobutyl ketone... 

Mixtures of isomeric amyl alcohols (1-pentanol and 2-methyl-1-butanol) are often preferred because the different degree of branching imparts a more desirable combination of properties they are also less expensive to produce commercially. One such mixture is a commercial product sold under the name Primary Amyl Alcohol by Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Company Inc. 

Methyl-l-propanol (isobutyl alcohol) 2-Butanol (sec.-butyl alcohol) 1-Pentanol (amyl alcohol)... 

Isohexyl alcohol 1-Pentanol, 4-methyl- Oleic acid 9-Octadecenoic acid, (Z)-... 

Good n-propyl alcohol (20%), n-butyl alcohol, 3-pentanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, dZ-bornpol, a-terpineol... 

Diocetone Diacetone Alcohol 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentonone-2 or 4-Hydroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentone [called Diacetonalkohol Dimethyl-acetonyl-carbinol 2-Methyl-pentanol-(2)-on-(4) or Methyl-(j8-oxy-isobutyl)-keton in Ger], CH3C0CH2C(CH3)20H mwll6,l6, col, pleasant-odored liq fr p -42.8°, bp 169° at 760mm, flash p 170°F, d 0.9406 at 20°, vapor pressure 1,1mm at 20°, viscosity 0,032 poise at 20°, n 1.42416 at 20°, coeff of expansion 0,00097 at 20. Diacetone is derived by condensation of acetone. It is miscible with alcohols, aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons, esters water. A const boiling mixt with water has a bp 99 6° and contains approx 13% diacetone (Refs 1, 3, 4 5)... 

Total alcohols (benzyl alcohol and 4-methyl-pentanol-2 in ratio of 2 1, 1 mol) was placed in a 500-mL three-necked flask fitted with a stirrer, a thermometer, and a Dean-Stark water trap surmounted by a reflux condenser. The trap was wrapped with asbestos cord for... 

Pentanol, 4-methyl-. See Methyl amyl alcohol 2-Pentanol, 4-methyl-, acetate. See Methyl amyl acetate... 

Synonyms Amyl methyl alcohol 1,3-Dimethyl butanol Isohexyl alcohol Isopropyl dimethyl carbinol 1-Pentanol, 2-methyl-Methylamyl alcohol Methyl isobutyl carbinol 2-Methylpentanol 2-Methylpentan-1-ol 2-Methylpentanol-1... 

The aroma compounds studied during the biological ageing of Fino wines belong to different chemical families. The higher alcohols determined were methanol, 2-butanol, 1-propanol, isobutanol, 1-butanol, isoamyl alcohols, 1-pentanol, 3- and 4-methyl-l-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 3-ethoxy-l-propanol, Z-3-hexenol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, furfuryl alcohol, 2, 3-butanediol, 1-decanol, benzyl alcohol and phenethyl alcohol. 

Isopropyl alcohol Butyl alcohol aec-Butyl alcohol Isobutyl alcohol Cyclopentanol Butyl formate Methyl butyrate Propyl acetate Amyl alcohol (art-Amyl alcohol Isoamyl alcohol 2-Pentanol Allyl sulfide Ethyl butyrate Ethyl isobutyrate Isobutyl acetate Propyl sulfide Isopropyl sulfide Ethyl borate Toluene... 

Dehydration of alcohols is catalyzed by boron phosphorous oxide. The reactivity of alcohols in the dehydration decreases as follows /ert-amyl alcohol > 3-pentanol > > 2-propanol > 1-pentanol > ethanol.The catalytic activities of the oxides composed of different amounts of B and P for propanol dehydration correlate with the total amount of acid sites.Butanol undergoes dehydration on boron phosphorous oxide. The maximum activity is obtained at the P/B ratio of 0.6. The activity correlates with the sum of Lewis and Bronsted acid sites. 2-Butanol, 2-methyl — 2-butanol, and 3-methyl — 2-butanol also undergo dehydration. The formation of tnw -2-butene and 2-methyl — 2-butene increases with increasing surface acidity. In these reactions, the carbenium ion mechanism is operating. 

Schiff bases are highly reactive and are easily hydrolyzed, but stability could be improved by the introduction of hydroxyl groups [11, 12], The secondary alcohol 2-pentanol was used instead of 2-methyl-l-butanol in the synthesis of DOBA-1-MBC (p-decyloxy-benzylidene p -amino-l-methylbutylcinnamate), which showed an increase of the spontaneous polarization by more than one order of magnitude than that of DOBAMBC. This effect stems from the shortening of the distance between dipole moment and chiral center [12, 13]. 

ALCOHOLS,HIGHERALIPHATIC - SURVEY AND NATURALALCOHOLSMANUFACTURE] (Voll) 4-Methyl-2-pentanol [108-11-2]... 

Plasticizer Range Alcohols. Commercial products from the family of 6—11 carbon alcohols that make up the plasticizer range are available both as commercially pure single carbon chain materials and as complex isomeric mixtures. Commercial descriptions of plasticizer range alcohols are rather confusing, but in general a commercially pure material is called "-anol," and the mixtures are called "-yl alcohol" or "iso...yl alcohol." For example, 2-ethyIhexanol [104-76-7] and 4-methyl-2-pentanol [108-11-2] are single materials whereas isooctyl alcohol [68526-83-0] is a complex mixture of branched hexanols and heptanols. Another commercial product contains linear alcohols of mixed 6-, 8-, and 10-carbon chains. 

Reduction. Most ketones are readily reduced to the corresponding secondary alcohol by a variety of hydrogenation processes. The most commonly used catalysts are palladium, platinum, and nickel For example, 4-methyl-2-pentanol (methyl isobutyl carbinol) is commercially produced by the catalytic reduction of 4-methyl-2-pentanone (methyl isobutyl ketone) over nickel. 

Commercial primary amyl alcohol is a mixture of 1-pentanol and 2-methyl-1-butanol, iu a ratio of ca 65 to 35 (available from Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Company Inc. iu other ratios upon request). Typical physical properties of this amyl alcohol mixture are Hsted iu Table 2 (17). 

Fig. 1. Viscosities of amyl alcohols compared with 1-butanol and 1-hexanol (15). a, 1-butanol b, 2-methyl-2-butanol c, 1-pentanol d, 2-methyl-1-butanol ...

The Guerbet reaction can be used to obtain higher alcohols 2-propyl-1-heptanol [10042-59-8] from 1-pentanol condensation and 6-methyl-4-nonanol from 2-pentanol (80—83). Condensations with alkah phenolates as the base, instead of copper catalyst, produce lower amounts of carboxyhc acids and requke lower reaction temperatures (82,83). The crossed Guerbet reaction of 1-pentanol with methanol in the presence of sodium methoxide catalyst afforded 2-heptanol in selectivities of about 75% (84). 

Pentanol 2-Methyl- 1-butanol Primary amyl alcohol mixed isomers... 

Odor data for the various amyl alcohols is limited. The lowest perceptible limit for 1-pentanol and / fZ-amyl alcohol are 10 and 0.04 ppm, respectively (135). tert-Axa[. alcohol has a threshold value of 2.3 ppm (and a 100% recognition level of 0.23 ppm) 3-methyl-1-butanol has an odor threshold of 7.0 ppm. The odor of 1-pentanol has been described as sweet and pleasant whereas that of 3-methyl-2-butanol is sour (135). 

AH eight amyl alcohol isomers are available from fine chemical supply firms in the United States. Five of them, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-methyl-2-butanol (/ fZ-amyl alcohols) are available in bulk in the United States in Europe all but neopentyl alcohol are produced (148,149). 

Table 8 summarizes domestic consumption by use for amyl alcohols. About 55% of the total 1-pentanol and 2-methyl-1-butanol production is used for zinc diamyldithiophosphate lubrication oil additives (150) as important corrosion inhibitors and antiwear additives. Amyl xanthate salts are useful as frothers in the flotation of metal ores because of their low water solubiUty and miscibility with phenoHcs and natural oils. Potassium amyl xanthate, a collector in flotation of copper, lead, and zinc ores, is no longer produced in the United States, but imports from Germany and Yugoslavia were 910 —1100 t in 1989 (150). 

Dimethyl ether Methyl ether 101 CoHeO 1-Pentanol n-Amyl alcohol 89 CsHi O... 

Methyl-2-pentanol [108-11-2] M 102.2, b 131-132", d 0.810, n 1.413. Washed with aqueous NaHC03, dried and distd. Further purified by conversion to the phthalate ester by adding 120mL of dry pyridine and 67g of phthalic anhydride per mole of alcohol, purifying the ester and steam distilling it in the presence of NaOH. The distillate was extracted with ether, and the extract was dried and fractionally distd. [Levine and Walti 7 Bio/ Chem 94 367 1931],... 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Isobutyl methyl carbinol Methyl Alcohol MAOH 4-Methyl-2-pentanol MIBC MIC Chemical Formula (CH3)2CHCH2CH(OH)CH3. 

Solution 2-Methyl-3-pentanol, an open-chain alcohol, has M+ = 102 and might be expected to fragment by o- cleavage and by dehydration. These processes would lead to fragment ions of m/z = 84, 73, and 59. Of the three expected fragments, dehydration is not observed (no m/z = 84 peak), but both a clea iges take place (m/z = 73, 59). 

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