Alcohols, aromatic butyric

The aldehydins are substances produced by the action of ammonia or of the monamins upon aldehyde. The most important of the class belong to the aromatic series. By the action of alcohol on butyric aldehyde, dibutyraldm, CeHnNO is produced ... 

Vinyl Polyvinyl acetate Polyvinyl alcohol Polyvinyl butyrate Polyvinyl formal Polyvinyl ether Polyvinyl pyrolidone Polyvinyl carbazate Polyvinyl chloride Polyvinylidene fluoride Polyamide Aliphatic polyamides Aromatic polyamides Photoconducting Electroconducting Pyroelectric Piezoelectric Light sensitive... 

PMMA is not affected by most inorganic solutions, mineral oils, animal oils, low concentrations of alcohols paraffins, olefins, amines, alkyl monohahdes and ahphatic hydrocarbons and higher esters, ie, >10 carbon atoms. However, PMMA is attacked by lower esters, eg, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate aromatic hydrocarbons, eg, benzene, toluene, xylene phenols, eg, cresol, carboHc acid aryl hahdes, eg, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene ahphatic acids, eg, butyric acid, acetic acid alkyl polyhaHdes, eg, ethylene dichloride, methylene chloride high concentrations of alcohols, eg, methanol, ethanol 2-propanol and high concentrations of alkahes and oxidizing agents. 

Plasticizers. Plasticizers are materials that soften and flexibilize inherently rigid, and even britde polymers. Organic esters are widely used as plasticizers in polymers (97,98). These esters include the benzoats, phthalates, terephthalates, and trimeUitates, and aUphatic dibasic acid esters. Eor example, triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylbutyrate) [95-08-9] is a plasticizer for poly(vinyl butyral) [63148-65-2] which is used in laminated safety glass (see Vinyl POLYMERS, poly(vinyl acetals)). Di(2-ethyUiexyl)phthalate [117-81-7] (DOP) is a preeminent plasticizer. Variation of acid and/or alcohol component(s) modifies the efficacy of the resultant ester as a plasticizer. In phthalate plasticizers, molecular sizes of the alcohol moiety can be varied from methyl to tridecyl to control permanence, compatibiUty, and efficiency branched (eg, 2-ethylhexyl, isodecyl) for rapid absorption and fusion linear (C6—Cll) for low temperature flexibiUty and low volatility and aromatic (benzyl) for solvating. Terephthalates are recognized for their migration resistance, and trimeUitates for their low volatility in plasticizer appHcations. 

Representatives of the subfamilies Omaliinae and Proteininae (omaliine group) possess an abdominal defensive gland reservoir that opens out between sternite 7 and 8 [ 120]. The multi-component mixtures contained in these glands are used for defence. In Omaliinae and Proteininae the secretion is characterized by mixtures of acids (e.g. 2-methylpropanoic acid, hexanoic acid, 2-octenoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, butyric acid, and tiglic acid), aldehydes (( )-2-hexenal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal), ketoaldehydes such as 4-oxo-2-hexenal 41 (Scheme 5), 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, alcohols (octanol, ( )-2-hexen-l-ol, 2-methylbutan-l-ol), alkanes (nonadecane), esters (2-methylbutyl tiglate 42, various propanoates, 2-hexenyl 3-methylbutanoate, 2-methylbutyl 2-methylbutanoate, octanoates,butanoates), and aromatic compounds (e.g. 2-phenethyl 3-methylbutanoate 43). Unusual compounds are 2-... 

A mammal may emit many volatile compounds. Humans, for instance, give off hundreds of volatiles, many of them chemically identified (Ellin etal., 1974). The volatiles include many classes of compound such as acids (gerbil), ketones, lactones, sulfides (golden hamster), phenolics (beaver, elephant), acetates (mouse), terpenes (elephant), butyrate esters (tamarins), among others. The human samples mentioned before contained hydrocarbons, unsaturated hydrocarbons, alcohols, acids, ketones, aldehydes, esters, nitriles, aromatics, heterocyclics, sulfur compounds, ethers, and halogenated hydrocarbons. Sulfur compounds are found in carnivores, such as foxes, coyotes, or mustelids. The major volatile compound in urine of female coyotes, Canis latrans, is methyl 3-methylhut-3-enyl sulfide, which accounts for at least 50% of all urinary volatiles (Schultz etal, 1988). 

With benzaldehyde 144 or halogenated derivatives (Cl, F) as acceptors the yeast-PDC-catalyzed addition proceeds with almost complete stereoselectivity to furnish the corresponding (R)-configurated 1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropanones 145 [447]. For practical reasons, whole yeast cells are most often used as the catalyst, with only small loss of enantioselectivity [423,424]. The conversion of benzaldehyde in particular has gained industrial importance because the acyloin is an important precursor for the synthesis of L-(-)-ephedrine [448]. Otherwise, the substrate tolerance is remarkably broad for aromatic aldehydes on the laboratory scale, however, yields of acyloins are usually low because of the prior or consequent reductive metabolism of aldehyde substrate and product, giving rise to considerable quantities of alcohol 146 and vicinol diols 147, respectively [423,424,449], The range of structural variability covers both higher a-oxo-acids (e.g. -butyrate, -valerate) as the donor component, as well as a,/J-un-saturated aldehydes (e.g. cinnamaldehyde 148) as the acceptor [450]. 

Schulze et al. [135] developed fused-silica chips dynamically coated with hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and utilized them for the separation of aromatic low molecular weight compounds such as serotonin, propranolol, a diol, and tryptophan. The authors used deep UV laser-induced fluorescence detection for these compounds. Schuchert-Shi et al. [136] identified ethanol, glucose, ethyl acetate, and ethyl butyrate, byproducts obtained in enzymatic conversions using hexokinase, glucose oxidase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and esterase. The authors reported that the quantification for ethyl acetate was possible using contactless conductivity detection. Hu et al. [137] described the separation of reaction products of (3-thalassemia in a multiplex primer-extension reaction using NCE. The method developed was used for patient samples and the results coincided with those of a detection kit. 

Acetovanillone Vanillyl alcohol Vanilloylmethyl cetone p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde p-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol Vanillic acid p-Hydroxybenzoic acid Aliphatic acids Acetic acid Propanoic acid Isobutyric acid Butyric acid Isovaleric acid Valeric acid Hexanoic acid Heptanoic acid Octanoic acid 2-Heptenoic acid Nonanoic acid Dodecanoic acid Myristic acid Pentadecanoic acid Hexadecanoic acid 9-Hexadecanoic acid Heptadecanoic acid Stearic acid Oleic acid Linoleic acid Aromatic acids Benzoic acid Benzene propanoic acid Cinnamic acid (isomer 1) Cinnamic acid (isomer 2) Anisic acid Alcohols... 

Propyl triethoxy silicon or Ethyl orthosilico-butyrate, CgH Si (OCaHs), is formed from propylsilicon trichloride by the use of absolute alcohol, and is a colourless liquid with an aromatic odour, B.pt 177° to 179° C., density at 0° C. 0 8945. 

Unsubstituted and Heat Reactive. The first class, the unsubstituted, heat-reactive resins, are made by using phenol, cresols, and xylenols. They are multifunctional and thus can be cross-linked to form films. They are soluble in alcohols, ketones, esters, and glycol ethers and insoluble in aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. They will tolerate some water in their solvents and, in some cases, are completely water soluble. They are compatible with polar resins such as amino resins, epoxies, polyamides, and poly(vinyl butyral), though compatibility on curing is dependent on reaction between the two resins. Less polar resins such as alkyds and drying oils are incompatible. 

The first word of the name of an ester is the name of the alkyl or aromatic group (R ) contributed by the alcohol. The second word is the carboxylic acid name, with the -ic acid ending changed to -ate. This is similar to the method used for naming carboxylic acid salts. Thus, an ester of acetic acid becomes an acetate, one of butyric acid becomes a butyrate, one of lactic acid becomes a lactate, and so on. 

Ciassification Aromatic ester Definition Ester of phenylethyl alcohol and n-butyric acid Empirical C12H16O2... 

Cellulose acetate butyrate Clear coating for brass or aluminium As a modifying resin in e.g. acrylic lacquers Ketones Esters Aromatic hydrocarbons Alcohols ... 

Cellulose acetate butyrate 115-227 Alcohols, ketones, esters, aromatics... 

The lower fatty acid most frequently bound in esters is acetic acid, while formic, propionic, butyric and isobutyric adds occur less often. The common alcohol bound in esters is ethanol. However, esters of methanol, aUyl alcohol, butan-l-ol higher alcohols and very often esters of monoterpenic and aromatic alcohols also occur in foods, and esters of sulfur-containing alcohols are also common. Esters of low molecular weight acids and alcohols usually have a fruity odour esters of terpenic alcohols with low molecular weight adds tend to have fragrant odours resembling flowers. Esters of aromatic adds and aromatic alcohols generally have heavy balsamic odours. 

Contains civetone (9-cw-cycloheptadece-none) as its major aromatic principle others include butyric acid, skatole, cycloheptadeca-none, cyclononadecanone, and various saturated and unsaturated cyclic ketones and alcohols. 

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