Polyvinyl pyrolidone

A novel all-aqueous-based system that relies on the thermodynamic incompatibility of biopolymers has been described for the encapsulation of probiotics. A two-phase system comprising of polyvinyl pyrolidone and dextran was used as the carrier material for a probiotic bacterium in the preparation of spray dried preparations of probiotics. The survival of the bacteria Enterococcus faecium E74) was dependent on the composition of the system. Although the survival rate during drying was better when only dextran was used, there were better survival rates of the bacteria during storage with the two-phase carrier system (Millqvist-Fureby et al. 2000). 

In addition to PEGylation, polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) nanoparticles modified with hydrophilic polaxa-mine have been reported to adsorb less protein than the unmodified particles, conventional liposomes, and stealth liposomes.Polystyrene microspheres coated with lecithin and particles coated with Pluronic were also observed to adsorb less protein and demonstrate a prolonged blood circulation time without adversely affecting the safety profile of the drug. 

Figure 4-10. Schemetic diagram of events causing detergency [7], oriented soap molecules assumes a net negative charge similar to the globular micelle of soap. Cotton fibres also take up a negative charge when immersed in water. The electrostatic repulsions between the particles and the fibre play a major role in preventing redeposition. The addition of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and/or polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) (Fig. 4-11) can act as anti-redeposition agents.

When nanoparticles are to be prepared by irradiation, the stabilizer must be selected in such a way that it does not reduce the ions before irradiation. Polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (Fisa et al. 2011), polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) (Gasaymeh et al. 2011), sodium polyvinyl sulfate (PVS), polyacrylamide (PAM) (Zhu 1998), poly Af-methylacrylamide (PNMAM), polyethyleneimine, and surfactants such as sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) (Joshi etal. 1998), do not affect the electronic state of the ions but fulfill the conditions for stabilization. 

Different modeling approaches have been introduced, Shahinpoor et al. [6—11]. Fig. 2.7 shows the step response of a 20 x 5 x 0.2 mm IPMC cantilever strip which is actuated by a 1.5 input volt. Two types of IPMCs, PVP (polyvinyl pyrolidone) treated and PVP non-treated, are compared with each other in terms of maximum deflection and settling time. The steady state deflection achieved for the PVP treated sample is about 40% higher than the non-treated sample, and the settling time is reduced significantly, showing fast actuation properties. 

Polyvinyl chloride acetate copolymer Polyvinyl pyrolidone Polyvinylidene chloride copolymers Polyvinylidene fluoride Polyvinyl fluoride Rubber modified polypropylene... 

PEEK-polyaryl ether sulfone blends gave two Tg values corresponding to a PEEK rich blend and a polyaryl ether sulfone rich blend. Binary polylactide-polyvinyl pyrolidone blends also exhibited two Tg values. 

Polymer solutions, for example, polyvinyl pyrolidone, PVOH, polycarboxylates (e.g., Sokalan CP5)... 

Vinyl Polyvinyl acetate Polyvinyl alcohol Polyvinyl butyrate Polyvinyl formal Polyvinyl ether Polyvinyl pyrolidone Polyvinyl carbazate Polyvinyl chloride Polyvinylidene fluoride Polyamide Aliphatic polyamides Aromatic polyamides Photoconducting Electroconducting Pyroelectric Piezoelectric Light sensitive... 

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