Carboxylic acids naming

Acid halides are named by identifying first the acyl group and then the halide. The acyl group name is derived from the carboxylic acid name by replacing the -ic acid ending with -yl or the -carboxylic acid ending with -carbonyl, as described previously in Section 20.1 and shown in Table 20.1 on page 753. For example ... 

The napkthols are in many respects still more reactive than phenol. This is shown most distinctly by the fact that the naphthyl ethers can be obtained by the method used for the preparation of esters of carboxylic acids, namely, directly by the action of hydrogen chloride on the phenol in the presence of the alcohol. The naphthols, moreover, react readily with zinc-ammonium chloride and with ammonium sulphite and ammonia to yield naphthylamines. The second of these two methods is a general one. It was investigated by H. Bucherer. 

To name a simple carboxylic acid, follow the steps below. Figure 1.24 gives some examples of carboxylic acid names. 

Acid chlorides (or acyl chlorides) result from substituting a chlorine for the hydroxy group of a carboxylic acid. Although other acid halides also exist, they are seldom encountered. Acid chlorides are named by replacing the -ic acid of the carboxylic acid name (either common or systematic) with -yl chloride. 

Moreover, the carbonyl groups are represented in the numerous derivatives of carboxylic acids, namely amides, imides, and so forth. There are no derivatization methods for these compounds at present (excluding reduction), which are based on the reactions of the carbonyl group. Nevertheless, the amides react with (CH3)3SiCF3 in a manner similar to other carbonyl compounds. The hydrolysis of intermediate O-TMS derivatives followed by dehydration leads to the low boiling a-trifiuoromethyl enamines... 

Which of the following alcohols can be oxidized to a carboxylic acid Name the carboxylic acid produced. For those alcohols that cannot be oxidized to a carboxylic acid, name the final product. 

The first word of the name of an ester is the name of the alkyl or aromatic group (R ) contributed by the alcohol. The second word is the carboxylic acid name, with the -ic acid ending changed to -ate. This is similar to the method used for naming carboxylic acid salts. Thus, an ester of acetic acid becomes an acetate, one of butyric acid becomes a butyrate, one of lactic acid becomes a lactate, and so on. 

Table 17.1 Several Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids Names and Derivations — Their Common...

In common nomenclature, nitriles are named by replacing ic acid of the carboxylic acid name with onitrile. They can also be named as alkyl cyanides—using the name of the alkyl group that is attached to the triply bonded carbon. 

In both the lUPAC and common names, amides are named by dropping the ic acid or oic acid from the carboxylic acid name (lUPAC or common), and adding the suffix amide. We can diagram the name of an amide in the following way ... 

The second word in an ester name is generated from the corresponding carboxylic acid name. 

Each amide name contains a parent name that tells you the number of carbons in the parent chain. Note that this parent chain must contain the carbonyl group. The parent name is derived by replacing oic acid in the corresponding carboxylic acid name with amide. ... 

Based on the examples in Model 7, construct a set of rules for writing the name of a symmetrical acid anhydride from the corresponding carboxylic acid name. 

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