Alcohols, general aromatic

The nitro alcohols generally are soluble in water and in oxygenated solvents, eg, alcohols. The monohydtic nitro alcohols are soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons the diols are only moderately soluble even at 50°C at 50°C the triol is insoluble. 

In general, PVF resins are soluble in a limited number of s olvents and in certain mixtures of alcohols and aromatic hydrocarbc Dns. ... 

Polyesters are, in general, organic solvent resistant. They show excellent room temperature resistance to organic solvents, such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, and chlorinated hydrocarbons. At slightly elevated temperatures of approximately 60 °C, alcohols and aromatic solvents can damage the polymer. Strong acids and bases can cause chemical damage to polyesters, as can ketones and phenols. 

The 3-nitro alcohols are generally obtained in good yield by the reaction of aldehydes with nitroalkanes in the presence of a catalytic amount of base. When aryl aldehydes are used, the (3-nitro alcohols formed may undergo elimination of water to give aryl nitroalkenes. Such side reactions are not always disadvantageous, for nitroalkenes are sometimes the ultimate target for the Henry reaction. The choice of reaction conditions is important to stop the reaction at the stage of 3-nitro alcohols in aromatic cases. 

Alcohols, alkaloids, aromatic hydrocarbons, flavors, fuels, halogenates, herbicides, pesticides, petroleum products, solvents, waxes, general purposes... 

Alcohols, general reactions of, 1065 see also Aliphatic alcohols and Aromatic alcohols... 

Although reactions of aromatic isocyanates with alcohols generally follow second-order kinetics or modified second-order kinetics as outlined by Baker and Holdsworth [19], Sato [126] reported that aliphatic and edkenyl isocyanates were much more subject to alcohol and urethane catalysis. The reactions of these compounds were found to ee with the expression... 

In suitable solvents even alkyl nitrenes produce small amounts of primary amines . Carbethoxynitrene abstracts hydrogen from hydrocarbons (12%) and more efficiently from alcohols (90%). Aromatic nitrenes are in general less reactive than carbonyl nitrenes, they abstract hydrogen, provided the attack on unreacted azido groups... 

Introduction. The general formula for carbinols is ROH. If the radical is aliphatic, they are called alcohols, if aromatic, and the functional group (OH) is attached directly to the benzene nucleus, they are called phenols. The student already knows that one method of preparation is the hydrolysis of halogen compounds. One way to summarize the preparation of alcohols is to consider the progressive oxidation of the methane carbon atom ... 

Tri-n-butylstannylpropanol was found to be an excellent catalyst, superior to DBTDL, in catalyzing the reaction of aromatic isocyanates with tertiary alcohols. Generally DBTDL and other dialkyltin catalysts show diminished catalysis with secondary and tertiary hydroxyl groups. 

Thioureas are obtained analogously by boiling an amine hydrochloride and an alkali thiocyanate in aqueous solution66 or an amine and a thioiso-cyanate in alcohol 67 aromatic thioisocyanates generally react even in the cold. Further, aqueous ammonia solutions are converted smoothly into mono-alkylthioureas by isothiocyanates.68 Isothiocyanates can be converted directly into symmetrical thioureas by boiling them in aqueous dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide the thiocarbamic acids formed as intermediates by partial hydrolysis add to unchanged isothiocyanate with loss of COS.69... 

Asymmetric hydrogenation. A precursor of (5,5)-CHIRAPHOS has been obtained from asymmetric hydrogenation of 2,3-bis(diphenylphosphinoyl)-1,3-butadiene. Chiral l,l,l-trifluoroalkan-2-ols can be synthesized from enol acetates of the trifluoromethyl ketones. A general method for accessing secondary alcohols from aromatic and heteroaromatic ketones is by asymmetric hydrogenation with the complex 1. 

Amines react in general more readily than alcohols and aromatic isocyanides are more reactive than ahphatic ones. The ionic diisocyanide complexes react under milder conditions than the neutral monoisocyanide complexes . No reactions with mercaptanes have been reported. Acyclic aminocarbene complexes occur as isomers when R R due to restricted rotation around the C(carbene)—N bond . Dinuclear carbene complexes are formed when the amine complexes [Au(C6F5)NH2(CH2)nNH2] (n = 1 or 2) or the carbene complexes [(C6F5) ,AuC(NHR)NH(CH2)nNH2] (m = 1 or 3) are treated with the isocyanide compound [(C6F5)mAuCNR] (R = Ph or p-tolyl) . ... 

As in the case of total suberin contents in its natural precursors, the monomer composition and abundance are also highly variable, but in general the most abundant families of compounds are m-hydroxyfatty acids, followed by a,w-dicarboxylic acids and by smaller amounts of fatty acids, aliphatic alcohols and aromatic compounds. 

Chemical and Physical Properties The major physical and mechanical properties of poly(caprolactone) are summarized briefly in Table 1.5. Its physical and mechanical properties depend mainly on its molecular weight and crystallinity. In general, aromatic and some polar solvents such as benzene, toluene, cyclohexanone, dichloromethane and 2-nitropropane are good solvents for PCL. Water, alcohols, petroleum ether, diethylether are poor solvents for PCL. PCL can be slightly soluble in acetonitrile, acetone, 2-butanone, ethyl acetate and dimethylformamide. 

This reaction is used to make aniline derivatives. When bromobenzene (18) is heated with ethylamine (EtNH2) in aqueous solution (to about 300°C), the aromatic Sn2 reaction is slow, but the product is W-ethylaniline, 25. In general, aromatic Sn2 reactions are slow in water or alcohol solvents and much faster when tertiary amide solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF, 155) or dime-thylacetamide (156) are used. The reaction of 18 with ethylamine, for example, gives a good yield 25 at a reaction temperature of only 160-200°C when DMF is used as the solvent. 

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