Surfactant octanoic acid

In recent studies, Friberg and co-workers (J, 2) showed that the 21 carbon dicarboxylic acid 5(6)-carboxyl-4-hexyl-2-cyclohexene-1-yl octanoic acid (C21-DA, see Figure 1) exhibited hydrotropic or solubilizing properties in the multicomponent system(s) sodium octanoate (decanoate)/n-octanol/C2i-DA aqueous disodium salt solutions. Hydrotropic action was observed in dilute solutions even at concentrations below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the alkanoate. Such action was also observed in concentrates containing pure nonionic and anionic surfactants and C21-DA salt. The function of the hydrotrope was to retard formation of a more ordered structure or mesophase (liquid crystalline phase). 

On the other hand, with microemulsions based on an anionic surfactant and a long chain alcohol, was fairly low for certain concentrations, indicating that distinct water droplets in a hydrophobic medium may form. The system investigated by Lindman et al (29-34) was based on octanoic acid - decanol -octane-water. This means that the anionic "surfactant" used contains only seven carbon atoms in the alkyl chain which is fairly short. With longer chain surfactants, one would expect well defined "water cores" provided the alcohol is also long-chain. Such well defined "water cores" have also been confirmed by Lindman et a (34) for the Aerosol OT - hydrocarbon system. 

Previous work has shown that binary surfactant systems containing Dowfax 8390 and the branched hydrophobic surfactant AOT can form Winsor III systems with both PCE and decane whereas DOWFAX 8390 by itself cannot (Wu et. al. 1999). This binary surfactant system was used in conjunction with hydrophobic octanoic acid to help with phase behavior and lessen the required concentration of CaCl2. Since this formulation is rather complicated, questions about field robustness arise. Thus, for the phase behavior studies presented here, we used the simple binary system of the nonionic TWEEN 80 and the branched hydrophobic AOT, and we optimized the NaCl concentration to give the Winsor Type III system. The lesser electrolyte concentration requirement for the binary TWEEN 80/ AOT system helps to decrease the potential for undesirable phase behavior such as surfactant precipitation, thereby increasing surfactant system robustness. 

However, two important points should be noted. Firstly, that when one of the ions of an added electrolyte can interact with the surfactant to form an insoluble salt this reaction can remove the adsorbed layer from the particle (see Table I). Secondly, the hydrophobic chain of the surfactant must be compatible with the particle surface. This point is illustrated in Figure 10 which shows the adsorption of dodecanoic acid on to PTFE particles. The adsorption of the C11H23 hydrocarbon chain to PTFE is clearly much less favourable than the adsorption of the, C7F15, fluorocarbon chain in fact, a C7H15 chain, in the form of octanoic acid showed no apparent adsorption on to a PTFE surface. Thus, although both acids have hydrophobic chains, there is clearly a remarkable difference between their affinities for the substrate. 

Tetrafluoroethy lene polymerized in the presence of the chain transfer agent ethane was used to prepare elastomeric grandular polytetrafluoroethylene. The average reaction time was roughly 90 minutes and occurred in the absence of the surfactant perfluoro-octanoic acid. 

It is possible to extend the middle phase region by increasing the concentration of carboxylic acid, coupled with an increase in alcohol concentration. The phase behavior of a mixed microemulsion system containing 5 gm/dl TRS 10—410, 1.5 gm/dl octanoic acid and 8 gm/dl IBA at 22°C is shown in Figure 17. Between 1.5 and 4 gm/dl NaCl, if only NaOH concentration is varied then upper - middle - lower phase transitions occur, apparently due to an increase in the ionization of the surfactant. Extension of salinity and NaOH concentrations in Figure 17 is expected to show upper - middle - lower + middle, and other phase transitions as observed in the oleic acid system (4). 

FIG. 2.2 Solubilization of octanoic acid into an aqueous micellar solution of a surfactant, sodium octanoate (—), is limited, while the solubilization into a corresponding... 

FIG. 2.3 Solubilization of octanoic acid into a surfactant micellar solution (Li) is limited because the addition of the acid leads to the formation of a lamellar liquid crystal (La). 

Lucassen Hansen (1966) were one of the first to investigate the damping of capillary waves of surfactant solutions. In Fig. 6.11 their results for n-octanoic acid in 0.005 N HCl and dodecyl amine hydrochloride, both nonionic surfactants, are shown in form of effective dilational elasticity as a fimction of concentration. 

The dynamics of mixtures of surfactants with proteins is of great importance for many practical processes, such as coating of photographic films, where gelatine in mixtures with surfactants and surface active dyes adsorb at the interface. Hempt et al. (1985) studied the relaxation behaviour of gelatine solutions in presence and absence of surfactants (SDS, tetradecyl dimethyl phosphine oxide, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, n-decanoic acid, perfluoro octanoic acid tetraethyl ammonium salt). 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) AI3-19341 BRN 1809678 CCRIS 4386 EiNECS 206-397-9 Fluorad FC-26 Hexanoyl fluoride, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-2-oxo- NSC 95114 Octanoic acid, penta-decafluoro- Pentadecafluoro-1-octanoic acid Pentadeca-fluoro-n-octanoic acid Perfluorocaprylic acid Petfluor-octanoic xid Perfluoroheptanecarboxylic acid Per-fluorooctanoic acid PFOA. Intermediate for preparation of monomers and surfactants. Solid mp = 59-60° bp = 192° soluble in H2O (3.4 g/l), organic solvents. 3M Company. 

AI3-50473 Caprylic acid sodium salt EINECS 217-850-5 HSDB 5862 Natrium octanoat Octanoic acid, sodium salt Sodium caprylate Sodium n-octanoate Sodium octanoate Sodium octoate. Source of caprylic acid, an intermediate in manufacture of dyestufis and surfactants. Hart Prod. Penta Mfg. Sigma-Aldrich Fine Chem. 

Suspension and emulsion polymers have been prepared. In the case of emulsion polymers, the choice of surfactant is particularly critical. Salts of perfluorinated heptanoic or octanoic acids have been found suitable [6], although the products frequently are somewhat off-white. Higher yields of polymer and excellent color were obtained when salts of perfluoroalkylpropyla-mines served as emulsifiers. Even these materials, the patent implies, lead to slurries of polymer in the aqueous medium rather than to reasonably stable latices [36]. 

DEA Commercial Grade. See Diethanolamine DEA-cyclocarboxypropyloleate CAS 84195-78-8 EiNECS/ELINCS 282-385-7 Synonyms 5(or 6)-Carboxy-4-hexylcyclohex-2-ene-1-octanoic acid, compd. with 2,2 -iminodiethanol 5(or 6)-Carboxy-4-hexyl-2-cyclohexene-1-octanoic acid, 2,2 -iminobisethanol salt DEA-acrylinoleate DEA-C21-dicarboxylate Definition Diethanolamine salt of cyclocarboxypropyloleic acid Empirical C21H36O4 C4H11NO2 Uses Surfactant, emulsifier in cosmetics... 

Size-tunable silica crosslinked micellar core-shell nanoparticles (SCMCSNs) from aPluronic nonionic surfactant (FI 27) template system with organic swelling agents such as 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) and octanoic acid at room temperature... 

The effect of the solution pH on octanoic and dodecanoic acid adsorption has also been studied [48], A larger surfactant uptake was observed from aqueous solutions than from strong caustic solutions. The authors attributed this finding to oxidation of the carbon surface, promoted by the high solution pH, and to anionic surfactant dissociation, which brings about electrostatic repulsions between the carbon surface and the adsorbate, leading to a decreased uptake of surfactants under these conditions. 

Uses Surfactant in cosmetics Manuf./Distrib. Somerset Cosmetic Co. Variati 4-Ethyl-2-(8-heptadecenyl)-4,5-dlhydro-4-oxazolemethanol 4-Ethyl-2-(8-hepta-decenyl)-2-oxazoline-4-methanol. See Ethyl hydroxymethyl oleyl oxazoline Ethylhexadecyidimethylammonlum bromide. See Cetethyidimonium bromide Ethyl-N-hexadecylmorpholinium ethosulfate Ethyl-4-hexadecylmorpholinium ethyl sulfate. See Cetethyl morphollnlum ethosulfate 2-Ethyl-1-hexaneamine. See 2-Ethylhexylamine 2-Ethylhexanolc acid, 2,2-bis [[(1-oxo-2-ethylhexyl)oxy] methyl]-1,3-pro-panediyl ester. See Pentaerythrityl tetraoctanoate 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, cetyl-stearyl ester. See Cetearyl octanoate 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediyl ester. See Neopentyl glycol dioctanoate... 

PEG-15 erucate Synonyms POE (15) erucate Uses Surfactant, emulsifier for personal care PEG (400) esters of coconut oil fatty acids. See PEG-8 coconut oil esters PEG-4 2-ethylhexanoate. See PEG4 octanoate PEG-2 2-ethylhexanol PEG-2 2-ethylhexyl alcohol. See PEG-2 2-ethylhexyl ether... 

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