Alarm systems types

Alarm system design should consider which measurements are to be alarmed the number, type, and urgency of alarm type of alarm (i.e., visual/audible) etc. 

The type of alarm system used is dependent on the expected type of security breach and the method employed in responding to one. In unguarded premises, requiring only a low level of security, an alarm that operates immediately a device detects a security breach may be sufficient to ward off vandals, burglars and crimes of opportunity. On the other hand, where breaches of security may involve more determined criminals, such as fraud or industrial espionage, delayed alarms on the premises may give time for security personnel and/or police to apprehend the criminal in the process of committing the crime. 

Emergency rapid, unambiguous plant alarm system no distinction between area, type... 

The alarm systems should have a philosophy that relates to the input data - number, types, degree of alarm, and displays and priorities. The information load on the operator has to be constantly taken into consideration, e.g., the distinction between alarms and status signals versus operator action that needs to be initiated. 

Lightweight Chemical Detector (LCD-S) The LCD-S acts as a local warning alarm system for individuals and small groups of persons within the domestic or military market. It simultaneously detects, identifies, and differentiates between type of chemical warfare agent at below attack concentration, and warns users when to don personal protective equipment. 

Regarding schools, immediately after teachers are trained on the emergency preparedness plan, they should train students on how to correctly respond to the various types of alarm systems (e.g., fire, radiation, and chemical) in the building. Teachers should use cassette tapes, compact discs, or videotapes to allow the students to hear the differences in the sounds of the various types of alarms. 

An alarm system is a type of electronic monitoring system that is used to detect and respond to specific types of events—such as unauthorized access to an asset, or a possible fire. In chemical processing systems, alarms are also used to alert operators when process operating or monitoring conditions go out of preset parameters (i.e., process alarms). These types of alarms are primarily integrated with process monitoring and reporting systems (i.e., SCADA systems). Note that this discussion does not focus on alarm systems that are not related to a facility s processes. 

An alarm system consists of sensors that detect different types of events an arming station that is used to turn the system on and off a control panel that receives information, processes it, and transmits the alarm and an annunciator that generates a visual and/or audible response to the alarm. When a sensor is tripped it sends a signal to a control panel, which triggers a visual or audible alarm and/or notifies a central monitoring station. A more complete description of each of the components of an alarm system is provided below. 

Fire detection/fire alarm systems consist of different types of fire detection devices and fire alarm systems. These systems may detect fire, heat, smoke, or a combination of any of these. For example, a typical fire alarm system might consist of heat sensors, which are located throughout a facility and which detect high temperatures or a... 

Once a sensor in an alarm system detects an event, it must communicate an alarm signal. The two basic types of alarm communication systems are hardwired and wireless. Hardwired systems rely on wire that is run from the control panel to each of the detection devices and annunciators. Wireless systems transmit signals from a transmitter to a receiver through the air—primarily using radio or other waves. Hardwired... 

The type of fire alarm system should be chosen based on personnel resources available at the facility. For continuously staffed facilities, proprietary supervised systems are preferred. For facilities staffed less than continuously, remote supervised station or central station fire alarms system are usually considered. In these systems, alarms are monitored by an outside firm responsible for alerting appropriate personnel or by the local fire department. 

Where releases of flammable or toxic chemicals are possible, a flammable or toxic gas alarm system is often established as part of the plant emergency alarm system. Best practices require different types of alarms to be annunciated differently, both audibly and visually. For example, the toxic alarm stations may be provided with a blue light to distinguish them from fire alarm stations that are red. A consistent color system for lights should be adopted. 

The project plan should encompass all aspects of a fire protection system, such as the underground fire water distribution system, fire pumps, aboveground water header, valving and standpipes, structural support, and detection and alarm systems. All work on the fire protection system must be coordinated with other work activities at the site or in the operating unit. The recommended installation practices for the different types of fire protection systems are covered in consensus standards, such as NFPA. The installation process is illustrated in Figure 9-1. 

Preplans are similar to floor plans except they will often show features on the outside of the building in addition to the floor plan, although they may have somewhat less detail on the interior of the building. Preplans are frequently made for businesses, churches, and similar types of commercial buildings. These plans are often carried on the trucks for reference by the crews at an incident. A preplan may include information on access roads around the building, connections to sprinkler systems, location of gas or bulk material storage, locations of fire hydrants, information on alarm systems in the building, and other critical information for the crews. 

Touch-activated alarm systems are also a factor to be considered, but a walk-by inspection or brush against the vehicle will usually detect one of these. If the vehicle has such an alarm, it can be turned into a form of bait. Owners of this type of alarm rapidly become used to it going off at odd times because of temperature changes, heavy traffic, high winds, or other causes. The alarm can be set off intentionally, and the target attacked as he comes out to reset it. 

There are two aspects to emergency communications the actual equipment used to communicate information about the incident and the types of communications or information-sharing required. The RCRA has specific requirements for the types of emergency communication equipment (alarm systems, phone or radio communications) that must be present. Under the EPCRA, facilities must provide information about their operations and substances used or stored on site when the Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) or State Emergency Response Commission (SERC) requests it. If the facility uses or stores extremely hazardous substances (EHSs) in reportable quantities, it must appoint a representative to the LEPC. Several laws require that a copy of the ERP be made available to employees and... 

In an ideal world we d make perfect products and provide flawless service, but that s not reality. You will have to choose which imperfections you ll try to prevent, and which ones you can let go. For instance, we could approach our alarm system example by focusing on the failure-type mistakes first, since the consequences of an error in this realm are more severe than for the false positives. 

A spring type clothespin is used to make a circuit clos ing switch to actuate explosive charges mines booby traps and alarm systems. 

The JL900 type samplers are equipped with an alarm system with two GM-tubes above the filter. The readings from the GM-tubes are updated in 1 min intervals and an alarm level of 0.5 pSv/h for a 15 min average reading is in use. For preparedness purposes there are in addition three samplers of type JL150 in reserve. Two of them are located in Helsinki and one is located in Rovaniemi. If needed, they can readily be brought into use and operated anywhere in Finland with the standard 230V (1 kW) power supply. One of the reserve samplers is equipped with a timer. 

Consider using statistical process control, reexamine the types and locations of sensors, and use the four basic levels of control (1) basic process control system, (2) alarm system,... 

Preventing unauthorized access into a warehouse may require certain security features. Unauthorized access may be motivated by theft or other illegal or destructive purposes. There may also be a need to restrict employee access into an area of a warehouse storing toxic or potentially hazardous materials. The type and extent of security features utilized should be based upon the risk associated with unauthorized entry. Security features, such as door locks, alarm systems, closed circuit television (CCTV) monitors, should not interfere with required means of egress. 

The various types of fire alarm systems can include those that are local, proprietary, or those connected to a remote or central station. 

The curve of Figure 8 shows the evolution of the number of acquisitions with time for camcorders. Equipment like camcorders, cordless power tools (Figure 9), dust busters, toys and home alarms systems have been acquired for a long period of time. When the time to acquire 90% of the equipment is considered, it is observed that the period extends over ten years for these types of equipment. As expected, for mobile telephones, 90% of the acquisitions have been made within the last five years which... 

In many situations, the most likely scenario for failure of freezers is power interruption. In this case, the temperature monitoring and alarm systems need to function in the absence of power. In some settings, generator back-up is appropriate and required. Several types of temperature monitors are available, including those that record continuously on paper discs and recorders that electronically record, store, and alarm in case temperature parameters are exceeded. 

Monitoring and alarm systems should be an integral part of any stability program. The following is a brief discussion of some types of systems in use today. 

At some point a company may decide that a more automated system is desired and this is usually a call-out type system. This system typically consists of a computer which is wired either into each chamber s integral alarm system or equipped with its own independent probes. A list of phone numbers is programmed into the computer and when a chamber exceeds its tolerance for a given period of time, the computer automatically starts calling these numbers. The phone numbers might be those of a third party contractor or internal employees. This type of system promotes the quickest response to a chamber excursion. Some of these systems will allow you to call in to check on the chamber conditions. These systems should undergo then-own qualification when installed. 

Regardless of the type of monitoring and alarm system used, whenever a new chamber is added to the system, the performance of the system should be tested with the new chamber and documented in the chamber qualification. 

Monitoring and alarm systems also will depend on the type of chamber and what variables are being controlled. The following should be considered when planning for monitoring and alarm systems for photo-stability ... 

Many photo-stability chambers have built-in monitoring systems with output to a computer system for temperature, humidity, and even radiation. These chambers may incorporate a call-out type alarm system. 

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