Immunological defence

A sophisticated respiratory host defence system has evolved to clear airborne particles and potential pathogens in inspired air [106, 143], The system comprises mechanical (i.e. air filtration, cough, sneezing and mucociliary clearance), chemical (antioxidants, antiproteases and surfactant lipids) and immunological defence mechanisms and is tightly regulated to minimise inflammatory reactions [92, 143],... 

Since glucocorticoids reduce the immunological defences of the body to most types of infection, their use in the eyes should be monitored carefully. When longterm use is necessary, even with oral or inhalation therapy, eye examination should be performed every 6 months. The ophthalmological follow-up of patients using topical glucocorticoids should include tonometry at least twice a year, careful slit-lamp examination for... 

However, the mechanism of the malaria protection is complex (64). It probably involves a sufficient survival time of particularly the malaria-infected heterozygous infant girls to allow them to develop immunological defences against malaria. This could mean that after puberty, their better state of health might render them more fertile than their less protected sisters. Since the occurrence of G-6-PD deficiency, of sickle cell anemia,... 

Mechlorethamine hydrochloride Nitrogen mustard topical antimitotic drug Carcinogen suppression of immunological defences Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SEDA-22, 172) (19)... 

The main carrier of polysialic acid units is the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM [52]. In adult rat brain, the sodium channel glycoprotein has also been found to be a carrier of polysialic acid [53]. Owing to its identical structure with some bacterial polysaccharides, brain polysialic acid can be identified with the aid of antibodies directed against these polysaccharides (Fig. 9) [49]. Polysialic acid is an unusually weak immunogen, and the polysialic acid seems thus to give protection to the bacteria from immunological defence mechanisms [54]. 

Apart from their intrinsic role in tissue functioning, the carbohydrate units participate in other types of biological interactions such as the pathogenesis of microbial diseases. As indicated above for polysialic acid some pathogens may mimic host tissue oligosaccharide structures in order to escape immunological defence. In addition, microbes... 

Many microorganisms minimize the effects of the host s defence system against them by mimicking the antigenic stmcture of the host tissne. The eventual immunological response of the host to infection then leads to the autoimmune destmction of itself. Thus, infections with Mycoplasma pneumoniae can lead to production of antibody against normal Group 0 erythrocytes with concomitant haemolytic anaemia. 

Immunological tests were performed for studying the reactive of peritoneal-exudative cells, especially peritonial macrophages, which are the main effector cells involved in natural resistance (host defence system) against bacterial infection. 

Kazura, J.W. and Aikawa, M. (1980) Host defence mechanisms against Trichinella spiralis infection in the mouse eosinophil mediated destruction of newborn larvae in vitro. Journal of Immunology 124, 355-361. 

Morrow, C.D. Novak, M.J. Ansardi, D.C. Porter, D.C. Moldoveanu, Z. Recombinant viruses as vectors for mucosal immunity, defence of mucosal surfaces pathogenesis, immunity and vaccines. In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology Kraehenbuhl, J.P., Neutra, M.R., Eds. Springer-Verlag Berlin, 1999 236, 255-273. 

Defences Under Attack the Potential Misuse of Immunology... 

---