Aim of a project

These few questions and examples might explain that the time and effort used to define the aim of a project as precisely as possible is probably the best of all investments and warrants a more systematic approach. This does not require major effort nor is it very time consuming. Once the questions are known, most of the information can be collected quite easily. 

Changing the aim of a project should occur only if there are good scientific reasons to do so - not due to technical difficulties which can be solved. 

The aim of our project was to study phloem as a source of fiber and polyphenols, and to develop a method to improve its taste without losing the potentially bioactive polyphenols. In addition, we wanted to investigate the bioavailability, cholesterolemic and antioxidative effects and safety of phloem and its phytonutrients in humans in a randomised double-blind trial. 

One of the aims of EU project Riskcycle is to assemble and evaluate existing information on the chemicals and especially the additives used in consumer and industrial products with a special focus on the fate and behavior of these additives in six product sectors textile, electronics, plastics, leather, paper, and lubricants [54]. 

Long-term aim of our project is the construction of a biomolecular device for hydrogen production in combination with light-driven water-splitting as it occurs in the natural process of photosynthesis in plants. Such a semiartificial device should combine the best suited components found in various native systems which - up to now - cannot be found in an individual native system due to incompatibilities and/or different origin (pro- and eukaryotic, meso- and thermophilic, aerobic - anaerobic environment). Advantage of such a system is... 

Benjamin Brodie, a professor of chemistry at Oxford University, renewed the project for algebraic reform of chemical formulas in a paper presented to the Chemical Society of London in 1867. Chemists recognized the aim of the project to be a "strictly philosophical system of chemical notation by means of actual formulae instead of mere symbols."69 But again, there was little... 

Projection of the variable space on to a plane (defined by two loading vectors) is a powerful approach to visualize the distribution of the objects in the variable space, which means detection of clusters and eventually outliers. Another aim of projection can be an optimal separation of given classes of objects. The score plot shows the result of a projection to a plane it is a scatter plot with a point for each object. The corresponding loading plot (with a point for each variable) indicates the relevance of the variables for certain object clusters. 

After you have identified a suitable topic and agreed this with your teacher or lecturer, you will have to decide the main aims of the project and how you are going to meet these aims. You will need to answer questions such as ... 

The objectives of this project are consistent with the objectives (1) and (4) above. The general objective of this project has been to verify a new measurement method to analyse the thermochemical conversion of biofuels in the context of PBC, which is based on the three-step model mentioned above. The sought quantities of the method are the mass flow and stoichiometry of conversion gas, as well as air factors of conversion and combustion system. One of the specific aims of this project is to find a physical explanation why it is more difficult to obtain acceptable emissions from combustion of fuel wood than from for example wood pellets for the same conditions in a given PBC system. This project includes the following stages ... 

The first edition of Automatic Chemical Analysis was published in 1974 and was written in coUahoration with the late Jim Foreman. It was well received and became a set course book in many universities. Its aim was to provide a basic grounding in the subject and to cover the wider issues of economic assessments, educational requirements and specification of systems. TTiere are now other books on laboratory automation in print [1,2], but none of these will help potential users of automation to evaluate the economic viability of a project indeed, they may even put them off. The other hooks are scholarly rather than practical. 

The University of Queensland in Australia conducts general R D to support MCFC systems as part of a project to develop advanced system integration techniques and catalysts for internal reforming fuels cells. The aim is to enable a wide range of fuels to be used with MCFCs for small scale stationary applications suitable for remote areas in Australia. 

FlyPOCEN will explore the limits of using hydrogen as a means of de-carbonising fossil fuels and therefore its potential to bridge to a future hydrogen economy. The aim of the project will be to develop and operate a pilot demonstration plant and prove the feasibility, safety and economics, of carbon capture and sequestration. 

In this paper, we describe initial experiments of a project aimed at the development of FLC materials with large %(2). 

This volume represents the culmination of a project conceived 9 years ago, whose original aim was to update the landmark Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods... 

The aim of the project was to investigate different gas-phase reactions. In particular, alternative routes for the synthesis of propylene oxide [101,102] and the synthesis of phenol from benzene and N20 [103] should be found. As a first milestone a throughput of approximately 15-20 molProduct kgCat 1 h 1 was targeted. 

The aim of the project reported here is to develop system reduction methods for large biochemical systems, including silicon cell models. Here we present our first approach using balanced truncation. The plan is to develop reduction methods custom-made for biochemical systems. To use balanced truncation is a natural first step towards the development of finer methods, since it is a basic method in system theory, and many other methods are variants of this. 

Based on this demand, in 2006 FiBL launched a network of long-term farming system comparisons in the tropics (Kenya, India and a site in Latin America that has yet to be defined). The aim of this project is to examine the contribution of organic agriculture to food security, poverty alleviation and environmental conservation. It covers cash crop-oriented systems as well as subsistence crop-based systems under a wide range of agro-ecological and socio-economic conditions. 

Arnold Schonberg, Adomo was brough into the United States in 1939 to head up the Princeton Radio Research Project. The explicit aim of this project, as stated in Adorno s Introduction to the Sociology of Music, was to program a mass "musical" culture that would steadily degrade its consumers. Punk rock is, in the most direct sense, the ultimate result of Adorno s work. 

The basic aim of a profitability analysis is to give a measure of the attractiveness of the project for comparison to other possible courses of action. It is, therefore, veiy important to consider the exact purpose of a profitability analysis before f c standard reference or base case is chosen. If the purpose is merely to present the total profitability of a given project, a simple statement of total profit per year or annual rate of return may be satisfactoiy. On the other hand, if the purpose is to permit comparison of several different projects in which capital might be invested, the method of analysis should be such that all cases are on the same basis so that direct comparison can be made among the appropriate alternatives. 

Another point which should be considered at this stage relates to the chances of getting meaningful patent protection. Publishing a second paper on a very similar topic is possible and occurs fi equently. Filing a patent with claims on what has already been published or described in other patent application is useless and a waste of much time and money. Those who aim for a patent should perform a patent and literature search during this project definition stage. Without this one cannot seriously consider a patent as the aim of the project. 

At the beginning it must be kept in mind that it is veiy easy to define an "ideal product". But this ideal product is probably the most difficult one to develop or may be an unrealistic development target. Sooner or later it pays off to have identified all options, including the lesser ones with a higher probabihty of success. Of course, the optimal product may be chosen as the aim of the project, but minor options should be included in the planning as a fall back position. 

The following subchapters describe how to define the aim of a development project and propose a basic structure for a project plan which eliminates the main risk factors in the earliest possible stages but keeps the main dependencies in mind. Since the success of development projects depends on an efficient and well-organized use of human resources and because dealing with human resources is the most difficult task of a project manager, the human and organizational aspects of project work will also be discussed. 

Provided that a reasonable and useful product profile (see Table 2, above) has been established, the general aim of the project and the most relevant objectives have already been decided. As with most research projects, these will most likely address the efficacy, this time with more qualifications concerning the exact indication, the type of product, its formulation and application scheme. 

Target selection and synthetic strategy in solution The retrosynthetic study to 3.83 (Fig. 3.32) identified compounds 3.84-3.88 as the precursors to the desired nucleus the aim of this project being the full combinatorial exploitation of a novel scaffold, an assessed SP protocol to general structures 3.89 was necessary. The synthesis in solution of related compounds (3.90a,b, Fig. 3.33 compare with 3.89, Fig. 3.32) being known (29), its adjustment to lead to 3.83 was deemed straightforward for this reason the authors moved directly to SPS. 

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