Sensing direct

Process-variable feedback for the controller is achieved by one of two methods. The process variable can (I) be measured and transmitted to the controller by using a separate measurement transmitter with a 0.2-I.0-bar (3-15-psi pneumatic output, or (2) be sensed directly by the controller, which contains the measurement sensor within its enclosure. Controllers with integral sensing elements are available that sense pressure, differential pressure, temperature, and level. Some controller designs have the set point adjustment knob in the controller, making set point adjustment a local and manual operation. Other types receive a set point from a remotely located pneumatic source, such as a manual air set regulator or another controller, to achieve set point adjustment. There are versions of the pneumatic controller that support the useful one-, two-, and three-mode combinations of proportional, integral, and derivative actions. Other options include auto/manual transfer stations, antireset windup circuitry, on/off control, and process-variable and set point indicators. 

Shm, m. sense direction mind inclination, feeling taste, -bild, n. symbol, emblem, sinnen, v.i. meditate, speculate, think. — ge-sinnt, p.a. minded, disposed. — gesonnen sein, be inclined, intend. 

This section covers early indirect fiber optic chemical sensors (FOCS) for species that cannot be sensed directly but require the use of indicators, probes, labeled biomolecules, or color-forming reactions. 

A class of fluxional molecules of great importance are those with a tbp configuration. When all five appended groups are identical single atoms, as in AB5, the symmetry of the molecule is Dih. The two apical atoms Bj and B2 (Fig. 1-7) are equivalent but distinct from the three equatorial atoms B3, B4, B5, which are equivalent among themselves. In general, experiments such as measuring nmr spectra of B nuclei, which can sense directly the kind of environmental difference represented by B], B2 versus B3, B4, B5, should indicate the presence of two sorts of B nuclei in tbp... 

The first direct-counting C determination on an archaeologically related sample was published in 1978 (39). In a literal sense, direct counting is currently in an early part of its own solid carbon phase, in that all currently operational systems utilize solid carbon sources and, in general, each measurement still requires a considerable degree of special attention and a relatively large commitment of manpower and resources. If the... 

Design the oligonucleotide (Fig. 1, primer B) first in the sense direction and then convert it to the antisense direction. Sense direction 5 to 3 the last 21 bp of the RNase gene followed by the bp that codes for the spacer. The codons represent the FB spacer. 

Because the micro constructs are endowed with strange properties and do not bear a one-to-one correspondence to things we sense directly, they raise certain kinds of questions ... 

These examples are presented to show that defining a reaction mechanism is not a simple field of study, since we are dealing with transient species that cannot be isolated or often even sensed directly by any method. Nevertheless, the field has progressed due to a suite of sophisticated experiments to the point where basic concepts, as discussed above, are fairly well understood. 

A number of stimuli are not sensed directly by the MCPs and, therefore, have somewhat modified signal transduction pathways. The most common examples follow. 

It, therefore, seems that all the chemotactic responses, including those in which the stimuli are not sensed directly by the MCPs, are mediated by MCPs and they all share a common signal-transduction pathway. 

Another model-free method for active damage detection is based on directional transducers. For passive sensing. Section 16.9 has already discussed the use of directional strain rosettes (both piezo and optical) to effectively detect an acoustic source without the need for a structural model. For active sensing, directional transmission as well as reception of guided wave can be achieved with phased-array transducers. 

Load moment (or rated capacity) indicator means a system which aids the equipment operator by sensing (directly or indirectly) the overturning moment on the equipment, i.e., load multiplied by radius. It compares this lifting condition to the equipment s rated capacity, and... 

Homodinuclear group 4 metal complexes containing unsupported metal—metal bonds remain elusive despite many attempts to synthesize such species. In this sense, direct evidence for the M—M bonds as structurally determining features is still missing. 

---