Primary adaptive immune response

Another basic characteristic of immune responses is the development of immunologic memory.38-40 This is exemplified by the fact that vaccination can sometimes impart immunity for a person s lifetime. If a foreign protein is injected into an animal, after a lag period of 2-5 days the animal will synthesize antibodies against this foreign antigen. This is called a primary adaptive immune response. If after a few days or weeks a second injection of the same protein is made, a much more rapid synthesis of additional antibodies occurs. This secondary immune response may take place within hours and will last longer than... 

Lymph Node as the Home for Primary Adaptive Immune Responses and Peripheral Tolerance... 

One fairly new system is the Modular Immune in vitro Construct technology system (MIMIC), which can measure innate and adaptive immune responses and evaluate cytokines, antibodies, and chemokines in vitro. The system is based on a multidimensional interrogation of quiescent primary human cells mainly of blood origin that can reproduce immune responses in a cell-based high-throughput screen and rapidly capture the effect of an immunoresponsive agent (e.g.,... 

The innate immunity holds the key to the initiation and primary activation of adaptive immune responses. Therefore, mole-... 

As indicated, one of the primary responsibilities of the immune system is to protect the body from bacteria, viruses, and other foreign pathogens. The immune response consists of two primary components innate and adaptive (acquired) immunity.18,23 Innate immuni-... 

While the demonstration that the immune suppression by a given chemical is mediated by a metabolite, and not the parent compound, is an important observation, it does not in itself account for the mechanism of action. One indirect mechanism of action, which is consistent with a role for metabolism, involves a primary consequence of the generation of many reactive intermediates, that is, liver damage. Among many different types of adaptive responses, the liver is capable of secreting a number of soluble factors. Some of these soluble factors are capable of affecting immune responses. Most notably, as pointed out in Table 1, TGF- S is capable of modulating both T- and B-cell effector... 

Injury of any tissue gives rise to an immediate inflammatory response and it is probable that this initial response is primarily aimed at priming the process of repair. It is likely that adaptive immunity has evolved in the context of tissue damage induced by infection and the production of an immune response is seen to be most efficient in those tissues most likely to be at risk of a primary infection, e.g., the nasal-oral mucosa, the respiratory, intestinal, and genitourinary surfaces, and the dermis. The CNS is not a site of primary infection and the invasion of the CNS by organisms following systemic infection is limited, presumably by virtue of the properties of the brain vasculature, and when it occurs it seems to reflect more the adaptive ability of the infective agent. 

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