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Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene manufacture

Acrylonitrile—Butadiene—Styrene. ABS is an important commercial polymer, with numerous apphcations. In the late 1950s, ABS was produced by emulsion grafting of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers onto polybutadiene latex particles. This method continues to be the basis for a considerable volume of ABS manufacture. More recently, ABS has also been produced by continuous mass and mass-suspension processes (237). The various products may be mechanically blended for optimizing properties and cost. Brittle SAN, toughened by SAN-grafted ethylene—propylene and acrylate mbbets, is used in outdoor apphcations. Flame retardancy of ABS is improved by chlorinated PE and other flame-retarding additives (237). [Pg.419]

Styrene [100-42-5] (phenylethene, viaylben2ene, phenylethylene, styrol, cinnamene), CgH5CH=CH2, is the simplest and by far the most important member of a series of aromatic monomers. Also known commercially as styrene monomer (SM), styrene is produced in large quantities for polymerization. It is a versatile monomer extensively used for the manufacture of plastics, including crystalline polystyrene, mbber-modifted impact polystyrene, expandable polystyrene, acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene copolymer (ABS), styrene—acrylonitrile resins (SAN), styrene—butadiene latex, styrene—butadiene mbber (qv) (SBR), and unsaturated polyester resins (see Acrylonithile polya rs Styrene plastics). [Pg.476]

Engineering polymers are often used as a replacement for wood and metals. Examples include polyamides (PA), often called nylons, polyesters (saturated and unsaturated), aromatic polycarbonates (PCs), polyoxymethylenes (POMs), polyacrylates, polyphenylene oxide (PPO), styrene copolymers, e.g., styrene/ acrylonitrile (SAN) and acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene (ABS). Many of these polymers are produced as copolymers or used as blends and are each manufactured worldwide on the 1 million tonne scale. [Pg.66]

The primary use of acrylonitrile is as the raw material for the manufacture of acrylic and modacrylic fibers. Other Major uses include the production of plastics (acrylonitrile-butadiene- styrene (ABS) and styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), nitrile rubbers, nitrile barrier resins, adiponitrile and acrylamide (EPA 1984). [Pg.80]

Absorption spectra, 23 3 of fats and oils, 10 822-823 of polymethine dyes, 20 506-512 Absorption spectroscopy, infrared reflection, 24 114-116 Absorption towers, in sulfuric acid manufacture, 23 779 Absorptive probes, 11 150 ABS polymers, 10 205-207. See also ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) materials... [Pg.3]

Most plastics e.g. polyolefins and polystyrenes and their derivatives such as ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) and SAN (styrene-acrylonitrile) are supplied by the manufacturers in ready-to-use form with most of the above-mentioned stabilizers or simply need to be additionally stabilized with other additives, e.g. antistatic agents and HALS stabilizers, as required. On the other hand, in the case of other materials (e.g. PVC) it is the end user who adds the additives, pigments or preparations. This is normally done on fluid or high-speed mixers, although in the past gravity mixers or tumble mixers were also used. The mixture is then homogenized on mixing rolls, kneaders, planetary extruders or twin-screw kneaders and further processed. [Pg.161]

The engineering analysis and design of these operations addresses questions which are different than those addressed in connection with the shaping operations. This is illustrated in Fig. 1 which is a flow sheet, cited by Nichols and Kheradi (1982), for the continuous conversion of latex in the manufacture of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). In this process three of the nonshaping operations are shown (1) a chemical reaction (coagulation) (2) a liquid-liquid extraction operation which involves a molten polymer and water and (3) a vapor-liquid stripping operation which involves the removal of a volatile component from the molten polymer. The analysis and design around the devolatilization section, for example, would deal with such questions as how the exit concentration of... [Pg.62]

Uses Copolymerized with methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, or 1,1-dichloroethylene to produce acrylic and modacrylic fibers and high-strength fibers ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) and acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers nitrile rubber cyano-ethylation of cotton synthetic soil block (acrylonitrile polymerized in wood pulp) manufacture of adhesives organic synthesis grain fumigant pesticide monomer for a semi-conductive polymer that can be used similar to inorganic oxide catalysts in dehydrogenation of tert-butyl alcohol to isobutylene and water pharmaceuticals antioxidants dyes and surfactants. [Pg.81]

Methacrylonitrile (1) differs from 2 only in that it has a methyl (CH3) group on the a-carbon atom. It too is widely used in the preparation of homopolymers and copolymers, elastomers, and plastics and as a chemical intermediate in the preparation of acids, amides, amines, esters, and other nitriles. In a study conducted by the NTP in which 1 was administered orally to mice for 2 years, there was no evidence that it caused cancer, although other less serious toxic effects were noted [27]. Because 1 does not cause cancer, but undergoes many of the same nucleophilic addition reactions as 2 at the (3-carbon, it is sometimes used as a safer commercial replacement for 2, such as in the manufacture of an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-like polymer that provides improved barrier properties to gases such as carbon dioxide in carbonated beverage containers. [Pg.12]

Worldwide consumption of acrylonitrile increased 52% between 1976 and 1988, from 2500 to 3800 thousand tonnes per year. The trend in consumption over this time period is shown in Table 2 for the principal uses of acrylonitrile acrylic fibre, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resins, adiponitrile, nitrile rubbers, elastomers and styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) resins. Since the 1960s, acrylic fibres have remained the major outlet for acrylonitrile production in the United States and especially in Japan and the Far East. Acrylic fibres always contain a comonomer. Fibres containing 85 wt% or more acrylonitrile are usually referred to as acrylics and fibres containing 35-85 wt% acrylonitrile are called modacrylics . Acrylic fibres are used primarily for the manufacture of apparel, including sweaters, fleece wear and sportswear, and home furnishings, including carpets, upholstery and draperies (Langvardt, 1985 Brazdil, 1991). [Pg.46]

Acrylonitrile is a monomer used in high volume principally in the manufacture of acrylic fibres, resins (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, styrene-acrylonitrile and others) and nitrile rubbers (butadiene-acrylonitrile). Other important uses are as an intermediate in the preparation of adiponitrile (for nylon 6/6) and acrylamide and, in the past, as a fumigant. Occupational exposures to acrylonitrile occur in its production and use in the preparation of fibres, resins and other products. It is present in cigarette smoke and has been detected rarely and at low levels in ambient air and water. [Pg.90]

Personal 8-h TWA measurements taken in 1978 and 1979 in companies where acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene moulding operations were conducted showed levels of < 0.05-1.9 mg/nr (Burroughs, 1979 Belanger Elesh, 1980 Ruhe Jannerfeldt, 1980). In a polybutadiene rubber warehouse, levels of 0.003 ppm [0.007 mg/m ] were found in area samples area and personal samples taken in tyre plants found 0.007-0.05 ppm [0.016-0.11 mg/m ] (Rubber Manufacturers Association, 1984). In a tyre and tube manufacturing plant in the United States in 1975, a cutter man/Banbmy operator was reported to have been exposed to butadiene at 2.1 ppm [4.6 mg/m ] (personal 6-h sample) (Ropert, 1976). [Pg.124]

Butadiene is a monomer used in high volume in the manufacture of a wide range of polymers, including styrene-butadiene rubber, polybutadiene, nitrile rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resins and st rene-butadiene latexes. It is also an intermediate in the production of various other chemicals. [Pg.199]

PBBs were also widely used as flame retardant additives in polymer formulations, e.g., synthetic fibers, molded plastics and plastic housings also in the manufacture of polycarbonates, polyesters, polyolefins and polystyrenes. Nixed ABS polymers (acrylonitrile -butadiene - styrene), plastics, coatings and lacquers also contained added PBBs to enhance fire-retardancy. [Pg.354]

Butadiene is a colorless, odorless, flammable gas, with a boiling point of -4.7°C and is used for the manufacture of polybutadiene, nitrile rubber, chloroprene, and various other polymers. An important synthetic elastomer is styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) in the automobile tire industry. Specialty elastomers are polychloroprene and nitrile rubber, and an important plastic is acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene (ABS) terpolymer. Butadiene is made into adiponitrile, which is converted into hexamethylenediamine (HMDA), one of the monomers for nylon. [Pg.95]

Butadiene is used as a chemical intermediate and as a polymer component in the synthetic rubber industry, the latter accounting for 75% of the butadiene produced. Styrene-butadiene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, adiponitrile, styrene-butadiene latex, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resins, and nitrile rubber are used in the manufacture of tires, nylon products, plastic bottles and food wraps, molded rubber goods, latex adhesives, carpet backing and pads, shoe soles, and medical devices. [Pg.353]

Styrene is an important monomer or comonomer in the manufacture of a number of polymers polystyrene, acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene, styrene/acrylonitrile, etc. There are two main processes for the manufacture of styrene. In one process styrene is made a coproduct with propylene oxide ... [Pg.391]

Ethylbenzene is a colorless aromatic liquid. It is only slightly soluble in water, but infinitely soluble in alcohol and ether. Additional properties are listed in Table 1. Ethylbenzene is chemically reactive with the most important reaction being its dehydrogenation to form styrene. Styrene is used to produce polystyrene, which is used in the manufacture of many commonly used products such as toys, household and kitchen appliances, plastic drinking cups, housings for computers and electronics, foam packaging, and insulation. In addition to polystyrene, styrene is used to produce acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymer (ABS), styrene-acrylonitrile polymer (SAN), and styrene-butadiene synthetic rubber (SBR). [Pg.929]

MAJOR USES Manufacture of chemicals including acrylic fiber, plastics, rubber elastomers, plasticizers, solvents, polymeric materials, dyes, pharmaceuticals, insecticides and nylon formation of high impact resins such as styrene acrylonitrile and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. [Pg.12]

A number of important commercial resins are manufactured by suspension polymerization, including poly(vinyl chloride) and copolymers, styrene resins [general purpose polystyrene, EPS, high impact polystyrene (HIPS), poly(styrene-acrylonitrile) (SAN), poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS), styrenic ion-exchange resins], poly(methyl methacrylate) and copolymers, and poly(vinyl acetate). However, some of these polymers rather use a mass-suspension process, in which the polymerization starts as a bulk one and, at certain conversion, water and suspending agents are added to the reactor to form a suspension and continue the polymerization in this way up to high conversions. No continuous suspension polymerization process is known to be employed on a... [Pg.306]

Like impact polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers (ABS) are sensitive to oxidation caused by the unsaturation of the elastomeric component. The processes for the manufacture of ABS require the drying (at 100°C-150°C) of powdery polymers that are extremely sensitive to oxidation. Thus, antioxidants have to be added before the coagulation step, normally in emulsified form, although sometimes in solution. The primary antioxidants are frequently sued together with a synergist. Primary anti-oxidants commonly used for ABS are BHT, 2,2 -methylenebis-(4-ethyl or methyl-6-tert-hutyl-phenol), 2,2 -methylenebis-(4-methyl-6-cyclohexyl-phenol), 2,2 -methylenehis-(4-methyl-6-nonyl-phenol), octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate, and l,l,3-tris-(5-tert-hutyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-butane. Important synergists are tris-(nonyl-phenyl)-phosphite and dilauryl thiodipropionate. These antioxidants are either liquids or show comparatively low melting points, which is an important prerequisite for the formation of stable emulsions. [Pg.109]

Styrene is also used as a basis of copolymers with other monomers. Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) has properties rather similar to PS but is somewhat tougher. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymers, on the other hand resemble HIPS and are manufactured by a similar graft-copolymerisation process. This material has proved to be very useful for computer housing but like HIPS it is not very environmentally stable and discolours readily. [Pg.12]


See other pages where Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene manufacture is mentioned: [Pg.186]    [Pg.378]    [Pg.75]    [Pg.8]    [Pg.378]    [Pg.84]    [Pg.206]    [Pg.207]    [Pg.237]    [Pg.292]    [Pg.312]    [Pg.347]    [Pg.351]    [Pg.362]    [Pg.259]    [Pg.186]    [Pg.153]    [Pg.34]    [Pg.186]    [Pg.154]    [Pg.531]    [Pg.1158]    [Pg.119]    [Pg.15]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.62 ]




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