Acidic drugs salts

Altria, K. D., Wood, T, Kitscha, R., and Roberts-Mcintosh, A. (1995). Validation of a capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of potassium counter-ion levels, in an acidic drug salt. /. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 13(1), 33 — 38. 

Noteworthy are the articles from Altria et al. and Assi et al. describing the robustness and validation of the determination of potassium as a counterion. An intercompany cross-validation of the determination of sodium in an acidic drug salt was also published. 

Inter-company cross-validation of sodium in acidic drug salt... 

T artrazine, 4,5-dihydro-5 -oxo-1 -(4-sulfophenyl)-4-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-1// -pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid trisodium salt was discovered by Ziegler in 1884 and is used as a dye for wool and silk. It is used as a colour additive in foods, drugs and cosmetics, and is an adsorption-elution indicator for chloride estimations in biochemistry (B-76MI40404). 

Nickel and Weber [30] reported aqueous titrations of carboxylic acids, phenols, acidic drugs containing NH groups, cationic acids (ammonium salts) in dimethyl-formamide solution against 0.1 M potassium hydroxide aqueous solution as the... 

Lipitor (atorvastatin calcium) is a synthetic lipid-lowering drug. The chemical name for Lipitor is [R-(R, R )]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-j3, 5-dihydroxy-5-(l-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-lH-pyrrole-l-heptanoic acid, calcium salt (2 1) trihydrate. The molecular weight is 1209.42. It is a white... 

It is common practice in pharmaceutical industry to generate salt forms of a drug substance to improve solid-state properties and solubility. CE has proven its ability to analyze reliably organic acids (direct, indirect detection) and alkaline/earth alkaline metals and basic amino acids. For basic drugs, a non-toxic organic acid or inorganic acid is chosen as counterion. Acidic drug substances will usually be deprotonated by alkaline and earth alkaline... 

Another example of ACE analyses of solute-bilayer interactions was described by Roberts et al. (50), who observed retardation of riboflavin by liposomes. Analyses technically similar to liposomal ACE have been performed with mixed bile salt/phosphatidylcholine/fatty acid micelles (95). The partitioning of basic and acidic drugs depended on the acid-base properties of the drug and on the shape and charge of the mixed micelles. 

Salama and Omar have described a rapid, specific, and convenient colorimetric method for the determination of procaine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations [40]. The method is based on an intensity measurement of the orange-red color developed when the drug is allowed to react with l,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid (sodium salt) in an aqueous solution. The method is suited for routine analysis of official preparations of procaine. 

At the borderline between semisynthesis and patterned synthesis, versatile total syntheses may provide access to diversified bioactive structures. Classically, analogues of the active drug are sought that avoid the resistance developed by pathogens and show reduced side effects. In lucky cases, chemical simplification has afforded the wonder drug. This is the case of sodium valproate (2-propylvaleric acid sodium salt), which was synthesized in the fall of the XIX century and nearly a hundred years later became a leading drug in the treatment of epilepsy. 

In conclusion, the remarkable influence on DAP activity exerted by the low-viscosity PGA vehicles is an issue deserving further attention, in view of the possible implication of a muco-adhesive mechanism. A closer study of the potential interactive properties of polyuronic acids and of their drug salts with the precorneal mucin might lead to a better understanding of the bioadhesive properties of these and other similar anionic polymeric materials, and of their influence on ocular drug bioavailability. 

Contact lenses - [CONTACT LENSES] (Vol 7) -disinfectant for [CITLORINE OXYGEN ACIDS AND SALTS - CH.OROUS ACID, CH.ORITES, AND CHLORINE DIOXIDE] (Vol 5) -disinfectants for [DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS] (Vol 8) -methacrylates m [METHACRYLIC POLYMERS] (Vol 16) -PVP hydrogels [VINYL POLYMERS - N-VINYLAMIDE POLYMERS] (Vol 24) -sterilization usingH202 [HYDROGEN PEROXIDE] (Vol 13) -use m drug delivery [DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS] (Vol 8)... 

Ferrous sulfate [CHLORINE OXYGEN ACIDS AND SALTS - CHLORIC ACID AND CHLORATES] (Vol 5) [COLORANTS FORFOOD, DRUGS, COSMETICS AND MEDICAL DEVICES] (Vol 6) [COLORANTS FORFOOD,DRUGS, COSMETICS AND MEDICALDEVICES] (Vol 6) [ELECTROLESS PLATING] (Vol 9) [FEEDS AND FEED ADDITIVES - PETFOODS] (Vol 10)... 

Redenti, E., L. Szente, and J. Szejtli (2001). Cyclodextrin complexes of salts of acidic drugs. Thermodynamic properties, structural features, and pharmaceutical applicatloFffearm. Sci., 90 979-986. 

Murti, S. K. 1993. On the preparation and characterization of water-soluble choline salts of carboxylic acid drugs, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO. 

In addition to the use of penetration enhancers in eye solutions, both for improving the corneal and the conjunctival (systemic) delivery of drugs, the use of these agents has also been extended to their incorporation into other ocular delivery systems. For example, solid ocular inserts made of polyvinylalcohol (PVA) containing sulfadicramide and some absorption promoters, e.g., polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether, L-(lysophosphatidylocholine), and deoxy-cholic acid sodium salt, have been reported. Such inserts showed an increase in the penetration of the drug through the animal cornea in in vitro studies [108]. 

While basic drugs are protonated with a broad range of different acids, the bases used to deprotonate acidic drugs have far less variety. Carboxylic acids, with a pKa in the 4 to 5 range, are almost always converted into sodium salts. Potassium and calcium are also occasionally encountered. Carboxylate salts do not have any general chemical stability advantages as found with protonated amines. 

Acidic drugs are usually converted to their metallic or amino salts, whilst the salts of organic acids are normally used for basic drugs (Table 3.1). 

A reversed-phase HPLC post-column ion-pair extraction system was developed by Kim and Stewart [71, 72] for the analysis of carboxylic acid drugs and their salts (sodium formate, sodium acetate, 3-bromopropionic acid, 6-aminocaproic acid, 11-bromoundecanoic acid, 1-heptanesulfonic acid, / -n i t rophcny 1 acetic acid, sodium benzoate, sodium salicylate, valproic acid, probenecid, naproxen, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, mefenamic acid, flufenamic acid, and cefuroxime sodium) using a-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-4,-trimethylammoniummethylcinnamonitrile methosulfate... 

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