Choline salt

Others. Other choline salts available as commercial products include choline bicarbonate [78-73-9] choline saUcylate [2016-36-6] and the bronchodilator choline theophyllinate [4499-40-5]. 

Chemical Name [hydrogen citrato(3—)]triaquoiron, choline salt Common Name Iron choline citrate... 

This model was shown to be applicable for describing moisture uptake kinetics (in vacuum) above RH0 for single-component systems of alkali halides, sugars, and choline salts [31]. The model later was extended to consider the moisture uptake kinetics above RH0 for multicomponent systems of these substances [33]. 

The objective of study M06-830 is to evaluate the bioavailability of fenofibric acid from the fenofibric acid choline salt formulation manufactured at full production scale at Abbott Laboratories Puerto Rico facility relative to the bioavailability of (1) the fenofibric acid choline salt formulation used in Phase 3 trials and manufactured at the Abbott Park facility, and (2) the 200 mg micronized fenofibrate capsule. 

Mechanism of Action A choline salt of theophylline which acts as a bronchodilator by directly relaxing smooth muscle of the bronchial airway and pulmonaryblood vessels. T herapeuticEffect Relieves bronchospasm, increases vital capacity. Produces cardiac skeletal muscle stimulation. 

Choline salts [ (CH3)3NCH2CH2OH] are readily acylated. Here the positive charge undoubtedly contributes to hydrolytic instability of the ester (2), but the alcohol ion is readily acylated. Apparently more than charge is involved in the reactivity of the uncoordinated hydroxyl groups in [Cr(HO-A)2]. ... 

The choline salts of naproxen and tolmetin yielded marked solubility enhancements, even over that of the sodium salts. The aqueous solubility of the choline salt of naproxen was 6700 times the solubility of naproxen and almost twice that of naproxen sodium. The choline salt of tolmetin was almost 8000 times as soluble as the parent drug and almost 5 times as soluble as its sodium salt (Murti, 1993) (Cheenu dissertation, our unpublished results). Table 15.2 shows that the melting points and enthalpies of fusion are both affected by the formation of the choline salt, and in fact, the choline salt proved to be more thermally stable. 

The improved thermal stability of naproxen and tolmetin as a result of formation ofthe choline salt has already been noted. Stability studies of lincomycin as its hydrochloride or cyclamate salt revealed that the cyclamate counterion provided an enhanced thermal stability to the antibiotic without compromising the aqueous solubility (Neville and Ethier, 1971 Neville et al., 1971). 

Murti, S. K. 1993. On the preparation and characterization of water-soluble choline salts of carboxylic acid drugs, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO. 

These properties have resulted in a veritable explosion of research into the synthesis, properties and uses of ionic liquids over the past decade, Figure 13.23. Recently, traditional non-coordinating anions like PF6 and BF4 are being abandoned as IFs enter mainstream applications, because of their toxicity. Non-toxic replacements include anions such as bis(trifyl)imide (CF3S02)2N. Other, less toxic cations are also increasingly popular, e.g. choline salts. 

Chemical Name [Hydrogen citrato(3)]triaquoiron, choline salt... 

Iwaoku, R. Nakano, M. Enhanced absorption of pheno-barbital from suppositories containing amino acid and choline salts of phenobarbital. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1987,... 

Use Organic synthesis, especially of choline salts, warning agent for natural gas, manufacture of disinfectants, flotation agent, insect attractant, quaternary ammonium compounds, plastics. 

Finally, it is to mention that DES are good solvents also for strong hydrogen-bonding compounds, such as unprotected sugars and cellulose, whereas simple choline salts having as counteranion acetate, citrate, dihydro-genphosphate (Scheme 3) and saccharinate have been proposed as unique solvents for important biomolecules, such as proteins.It has been shown that some proteins are soluble, stable and remain active in these ILs. 

Recently, a protonated betaine bis(trifluorometliylsulfonyl)imide (Scheme 5) has been proposed as a versatile hydrophobic alternative to choline salts... 

Choline Salicylate. 2-HydroxyS,N,N-trimethyl-ethanaminium salt with 2 hydroxybenzoic acid (1 1) (2-fiy-droxyethyl)trimethylammonium salicylate choline salicylic acid salt salicylic acid choline salt Actasal Arret Arthro-pan Artrobione Audax Mundisal. C.jHuNO, mol wt 241.28. C 59.73%, H 7.94%, N 5,81%, O 26.53%. Prepn from choline chloride and sodium salicylate Broh-Kahn, Intern. Rec. Med. 173, 219 (Apr. 1960) cf. Johnson, Brit, pat. 8031 (1919) Broh-Kahn et al., U.S, pat. 3,069,321 (1962 to Labs, for Pharmaceut. Dev,). Variations of process Bdg. pat. 583,513 (1960 to Mnndipharma, AG). 

Choline salts, such as choline chloride and choline bitartrate are available as supplonents. Phosphatidylcholine supplements also provide choline however, they are only 13% choline by weight. Although the chemical term lecithin is synonymous with phosphatidylcholine, conuner-cial lecithin preparations may contain anywhere from 20% to 90% phosphatidylcholine. Thns, lecithin snpplements may contain even less than 13% choline. ... 

Uses Alkaline catalyst intermediate for choline salts and surfactants... 

Readily available phosphatidic acids (see Section 7.5.X) dan be esterified with a suitable choline salt. Suifeble condensing agents include carbodi-imides, tri hloroacetonitrile and sulphonyl chlorides (Rosenthal, 1975). Not only are these procedures relatively straightforward but they are also suitable fbr the preparation of phosphatidylcholines radio-labelled in the choline moiety. 

Choline is present in many foods, notably meat, fish, eggs, and soybeans. The usual source of choline in the diet is lecithin, or phosphatidyl choline, which is metabolized to choline in the liver and intestine. This lecithin is distinct from what is sold in health food stores under the label of lecithin, since such over-the-counter products often contain considerably less than 10% lecithin. Lecithin is now available in relatively pure forms for pharmacotherapy. Consumption of lecithin leads to a threefold increase in the duration of the elevation of serum choline compared to that produced by choline salts, and thus, most investigators have utilized the former (Wurtman and Growdon, 1978). These agents are used as drugs, not as replacement therapy. 

Ionic Liquids are often very viscous. This is not unexpected. When the viscosities of classical high temperature molten salts, such as NaCl, is extrapolated down to room temperature, the viscosity of RTlLs can be estimated. These viscosities are in the range of the measured values. The viscosities can be many decades higher than the value of water. Many ILs are like honey [9,10]. Ionic Liquids are usually electrochemically stable, but they are often hygroscopic and chemically not always very stable. For example, at temperatures above 80 °C, choline salts rapidly decompose [11]. 

Choline salt of acetic, carbonic, lactic, hydrochloric, tartaric and dtric acids ... 

Fenofibric acid+a statin Fenqftbric acid (Trilipix ), the choline salt of fenofibrate, is designed to overcome the drawbacks of older fibrates, particularly in terms of pharmacokinetic properties. It is well absorbed and is not subject to first-pass hepatic metabolism. The combination of fenofibric acid with statins is used to improve the lipid profile compared with the corresponding statin dose. The use of combination of fenofibric acid with statins has been reviewed [12]. 

In this context, one good example of a biocompatible IL-based polymer gel was given by Sehgal and co-workers. (Vijayaraghavan et al., 2010) The authors have used choline salts, some of which can be described as ionic liquids, as crosslinking agents for collagen in order... 

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