Flavonoids Phenolic acids

The sugars attached to the anthocyanin molecule are in order of relative abundance glucose, rhamnose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, and glucuronic acid. The molecule may also contain one or more of the acyl acids p-coumaric, caffeic, and ferulic or the aliphatic acids malonic and acetic esterified to the sugar molecules. Extracts of anthocyanins invariably contain flavonoids, phenolic acids, catechins and polyphenols. The net result is that it is impossible to express the chemical composition accurately. Specifications usually present tinctorial power, acidity, per cent solids, per cent ash and other physical properties. 

L. Yao, N. Datta, F. A. Tomas-Barberan, F. Ferreres, I. Martos and R. Singanusong, Flavonoid, phenolic acids and abscisic acid in Australian and New Zealand Leptospermum honeys. Food Chem. 81 (2003) 159-168. 

N.A. Silicic acid, silicates, flavonoids, phenolic acid, nicotine, sterols.100 Regeneration of connective tissue, clotting agent, astringent effect on genitourinary system. 

N.A. Volatile oil, flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenes, taraxasterol.99 An expectorant. For bronchitis, wheezing, chronic coughing, chest complaints. 

N.A. Aucubin, harpagoside, acetyl harpagide, flavonoids, phenolic acid.99 Antiarthritic, treat infections and to clear toxicity. 

Ellnain-Wojtaszek, M. Kurczynski, Z. Kasprzak, J. 2001. Analysis of the eontent of flavonoids, phenolic acids as well as free radicals from GinkgohilohaL. leaves during vegetative cycle. Acta Pol. Pharm. 58 205-209. 

Yamanaka, N. Oda, O. Nagao, S. Prooxidant activity of caffeic acid, dietary non-flavonoid phenolic acid, on Cu -induced low density lipoprotein oxidation. FEBS Lett. 1997, 405, 186-190. 

Andrade, P.B. Seabra, R.M. Valentao, P. Areias, F. Simultaneous determination of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and coumarins in seven medicinal species by HPLC/diode-array detector. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 1998, 21 (18), 2813-2820. 

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the method for detection, identification and also quantification of flavonoids, phenolic acids and their derivatives. With this method, the sample is applied and eluted through a chromatographic column under specific conditions designed for optimum separation and resolution so that each compound or group of compound passes through the column with a... 

Naphtodianthrones, phloroglucinols, flavonoids, phenolic acids Hypericum perforatum (St. John s wort) LC/DAD/SPE/NMR, 1H NMR, COSY, TOCSY 48... 

The advantage of LC-MS detection over UV or electrochemical detection is its tremendously improved selectivity. Flavonoids, phenolic acids but also certain oxidation and degradation products of procyanidins can be suppressed by monitoring specific ion traces. Sample clean up procedures can therefore be minimized. Fig. (10) illustrates the benefit of LC-MS detection in the analysis of complex matrices. A major drawback of this technology in the analysis of procyanidins is its low sensitivity, even compared to UV detection [282],... 

A variety of compoimds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and carotenoids, derived from natural sources, have been shown to be beneficial for the inhibition of cancer. The mechanisms which suppress tumor genesis often involve inhibition of tumor cell-mediated protease activity (Yang et ah, 2001), attenuation of tumor angiogenesis (Kandaswami et ah, 2005), promotion of cell cycle arrest (Moosavi et ah, 2005), induction of apoptosis (Lee et ah, 2004), and immimostimulation (Tzianabos, 2000). 

The absorption efficiency of polyphenols in humans is generally low. Unlike flavonoids, phenolic acids have not been extensively studied and are not considered to be of great nutritional interest [122]. In a limited number of papers it is revealed that, the absorption rate of caffeic acid was 95%,... 

Gudej J (1991) Flavonoids, phenolic acids and coumarins from the roots of Althaea officinalis. Planta Med 57(3) 284-285 Gudej J, Tomczyk M (2004) Determination of flavonoids, tannins and ellagic acid in leaves from Rubus L. species. Arch Pharm Res 27(11) 1114-1119... 

Plant foods contain a number of bioactive substances, including phenoUcs. Phenolics such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and tannins have antioxidant properties, whilst the fermentation process has been d onstrated to modify the amount of these contents. l,l-Diphenyl-2-picryldrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2 -azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothi-azoline-6-sutfonic acid) (ABTS) are tests commonly used to detennine the free radical-scavenging effectiveness of componnds in evaluating the antioxidant activity of food systems. 

UV-visible spectrophotometry is still important for LC and CE detection of numerous important naturally occurring groups of substances, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, anthraquinones, and cou-marins, because they have very characteristic UV spectra. 

Quantitative Results (mg of Analyte/Kg of Dry Sample) of the Different Avocado Cultivars Analyzed by UHPLC-ESI(-)-TOF MS Method, Structured in Four Separated Tables Organic Acids, Flavonoids, Phenolic Acids and Vitamins... 

Avocado Samples Organic Acids Flavonoids Phenolic Acids Vitamins... 

Copigmentation is usually classified in (a) intermolecular anthocyanin-anthocyanin self-association, (b) intermolecular anthocyanin-copigment (i.e., flavonoids, phenolic acids) association, (c) intermolecular anthocyanin-copigment-metal ion association or (d) intramolecular self-association of acylated anthocyanins. 

Polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids C18SunFire Methanol-acetic acid water (1 99) 327-370 [122]... 

Considering the superb anti-tumor activity of investigated fruits, pomaces and standards it is evident that some emphasized flavonoids, phenolic acids, provitamins and vitamins in higher amounts significantly contribute to this activity. But all other investigated standards that were characterized as moderate or even low in antitumor activity most certainly contribute synergistically when in the complex mixtures with other bioactives that are habitually found in fruits and pomaces. 

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