Fatty acids, dietary gene expression regulation

Three factors improve the health of individuals with type II diabetes regular exercise, use of thiazolidinediones, and dietary restriction. We have seen that exercise activates AMPK, as does adiponectin, and that thiazolidinediones increase the concentration of adiponectin in plasma, increasing insulin sensitivity. Dietary restriction may act by regulating the expression of genes that encode proteins involved in fatty acid oxidation and in energy expenditure via thermogenesis. 

PPARot was the first transcription factor identified as a fatty acid sensitive transcription factor (Gottlicher et ah, 1992). Several studies using PPARa-deficient mice provided evidence that the receptor is required for the effect of dietary PUFAs on gene expression to occur. Some of these effects arise while animals have been fed with very moderate PUFAs intake (Martin et ah, 2007). PPARot is required in vivo for the up-regulation of AOX (Ren et ah, 1997) and other enzymes involved in fatty acid transport and catabolism in the liver of mice fed with PUFAs (Martin et ah, 2007). 

Regulation of Desaturase Gene Expression by Dietary Fatty Acids Effects on Liver Brain and Kidney... 

Berthou, L, Saladin, R, Yaqoob, P, Branellec, D, Calder, P, Fruchart, J-C, Denefle, D, Auwerx, 1 and Staels, B (1995) Regulation of rat liver apolipoprotein A-1, apolipoprotein A-11 and acyl CoA oxidase gene expression by fibrates and dietary fatty acids. European Journal of Biochemistry, 232, 179-187. 

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