Accomplishments objectivity

It appears that the heme/imidazole motif can be realized in metaUoporphyrins that are available in just two steps (Fig. 18.21b). However, it is not yet known how to accomplish objectives 2 and 3. It is also important to understand the mechanism of catalyst degradation during the ORR and to identify alternative functional groups that may increase catalyst stability to be useful in fuel cells, a metaUoporphyrin catalyst would probably have to retain its catalytic properties over at least 4 x 10 turnovers (about 1000 hours of operation at a turnover frequency of 1 s ), i.e., more than a hundred times longer than the most stable metaUoporphyrin catalysts reported to date. 

The DoD issued a formal Directive (3000.3) on NLWs in 1996. It states that NLWs should enhance the capability of US forces to accomplish objectives including to discourage, delay, or prevent hostile... 

Control mechanisms must be overcome to force a living system from its normal operating mode. It will be much easier to work with the control system to accomplish objectives. 

In LC/MS metabolite profiling and identification analysis, other liquid chromatographic detection formats, including UV, radiodetection, and NMR, are often employed to facilitate metabolite detection, quantification, or structural characterization. These liquid chromatographic detection formats provide high analytical values that are complementary to mass spectrometry and critical to accomplishing objectives of drug metabolism studies (Zhu et al., 2009). 

Processes—Systems of operations that incorporate standardized procedures, methodologies, and functions necessary to effectively and efficiently accomplish objectives. 

Strategy the general plan or direction selected to accomplish objectives Streptococcus any of various rounded, disease-causing bacteria that occur in pairs or chains Strontium (sr) a silvery, soft metal that rapidly turns yellow in air sr-90 is one of the radioactive fission materials created within a nuclear reactor during its operation, and emits beta particles during radioactive decay... 

Strategy The general plan or direction selected to accomplish objectives. 

The objective of chemoinformatics is to assist the chemist in giving access to reaction information, in deriving knowledge on chemical reactions, in predicting the course and outcome of chemical reactions, and in designing syntheses. Specifically, the problems of accomplishing the following tasks have to be solved ... 

Dimethyl Ether. Synthesis gas conversion to methanol is limited by equiUbrium. One way to increase conversion of synthesis gas is to remove product methanol from the equiUbrium as it is formed. Air Products and others have developed a process that accomplishes this objective by dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether [115-10-6]. Testing by Air Products at the pilot faciUty in LaPorte has demonstrated a 40% improvement in conversion. The reaction is similar to the Hquid-phase methanol process except that a soHd acid dehydration catalyst is added to the copper-based methanol catalyst slurried in an inert hydrocarbon Hquid (26). 

The most effective specification is that which accomplishes the desired result with the fewest requirements. Properties and performance should be emphasized rather than how the objectives ate to be achieved. Excessive demonstration of emdition on the part of the writer or failure to recognize the usually considerable processing expertise held by the vendor results in a lengthy and overly detailed document that generally is counterproductive. Redundancy may lead to technical inconsistency. A requirement that cannot be assessed by a prescribed test method or quantitative inspection technique never should be included in the specifications. Wherever possible, tests should be easy to perform and highly correctable with service performance. Tests that indicate service life are especially useful. Standard test references, eg, ASTM methods, ate the most desirable, and those that ate needed should be selected carefully and the numbers of such references should be minimized. To eliminate unnecessary review activity by the would-be complier, the description of a standard test should not be paraphrased or condensed unless the original test is referenced. 

Raw juice is heated, treated sequentially with lime (CaO) and carbon dioxide, and filtered. This accomplishes three objectives (/) microbial activity is terminated (2) the thin juice produced is clear and only lightly colored and (J) the juice is chemically stabilized so that subsequent processing steps of evaporation and crystalliza tion do not result in uncontrolled hydrolysis of sucrose, scaling of heating surfaces, or coprecipitation of material other than sucrose. 

Process. In each of the systems discussed above there is a need to form crystals, to cause the crystals to grow, and to separate the crystals from residual Hquid. There are various ways to accomplish these objectives lea ding to a multitude of processes that are designed to meet requirements of product yield, purity, and, uniquely, crystal size distribution. 

The need to keep these two aspects separated is best illustrated by a situation where the same product is to be made at different plants. While it is possible that the processing equipment at the two plants is identical, this is rarely the case. Suppose one plant uses steam for heating its vessels, but the other uses a hot oil system as the source of heat. When a product recipe requires that material is to be heated to a specified temperature, each plant can accomplish this objective, but will go about it in quite different ways. 

Heat Treatment Heat treatment can be divided into two types, treatment of fluidizable solids and treatment of large, usually metallic objects in a fluid bed. The former is generally accomplished in nmlti-compartment units to conserve heat (Fig. 17-27). The heat treatment of large metallic objects is accomplished in long, narrow heated beds. 

By objective. The process goal of filtration may be diy solids (the cake is the product or value), clarified liquid (the filtrate is the product of value), or both. Good sohds recovery is best obtained by cake filtration, while clarification of the liquid is accomplished by either depth or cake filtration. 

Safer Storage Conditions The hazards associated with storage facihties can often be reduced significantly by changing storage con(i-tions. The primary objective is to reduce the driving force available to transport the hazardous material into the atmosphere in case of a leak (Hendershot, 1988). Some methods to accomplish this follow. 

Refractories Refractories are selected to accomplish four objectives ... 

The first objective of the antisurge control system is to protect the compressor. This can be accomplished for some disturbances by using the PI algorithm with a large value of bj. However, it is also necessary to maximize the region in which the compressor can operate with the recycle valve closed. This increases the efficiency of the compressor at lower throughputs. Steady-state operation with recycle is extremely inefficient. Therefore, from this perspective, small values of bj are highly desirable. 

Often, the immobilized product has a structural strength sufficient to prevent fracturing over time. Solidification accomplishes the objective by changing a non-solid waste material into a solid, monolithic structure that ideally will not permit liquids to percolate into or leach materials out of the mass. Stabilization, on the other hand, binds the hazardous constituents into an insoluble matrix or changes the hazardous constituent to an insoluble form. Other objectives of solidiflcation/stabilization processes are to improve handling of the waste and pri uce a stable solid (no free liquid) for subsequent use as a construction material or for landfilling. 

From an industrial viewpoint, the objective of the unit operation of filtration is the separation of suspended solid particles from a process fluid stream which is accomplished by passing the suspension through a porous medium that is referred to as a filter medium. In forcing the fluid through the voids of the filter medium, fluid alone flows, but the solid particles are retained on the surface and in the... 

Incineration may be thought of as the complete destruction of materials by heat to their inert constituents. This material that is being destroyed is the waste product (i.e., the sludge). Sewer sludge as sludge cake normally contains from 55 to 85% moisture. It carmot burn until the moismre content has been reduced to no more than 30%. The purpose of incineration is to reduce the sludge cake to its minimum volume, as sterile ash. There are three objectives incineration must accomplish ... 

Similarly, different unit operations are available to accomplish the same processing objective. For example, a filter, a centrifuge, or a decanter could be used to separate a solid from a liquid. Crystallization or distillation could also be used for purification. 

---