Profiling metabolite

Fernie AR, Trethewey RN, Krotzky AJ, Willmitzer L. Metabolite profiling from diagnostics to systems biology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2004 5 763-9. 

Isotachis lyallii Mitt, is a liverwort that occurs on both the north and south islands of New Zealand. A study of the lipid fraction of this species collected from both islands revealed different secondary metabolite profiles involving sesquiterpenes and aromatic esters (Asakawa et al., 1997). The sesquiterpene array consisted of... 

Long, M. et al.. Metabolite profiling of carotenoid and phenolic pathways in mntant and transgenic lines of tomato identification of a high antioxidant fmit line. Phytochemistry, 67, 1750, 2006. 

Most of the tests that were developed for detection of cannabinoids in plants have shown that antibodies are specific for the cannabinoid structure. Because of this specifity these tests can be extensively applied for the detection of cannabinoids and metabolites in human body fluids such as plasma, urine, and oral fluids. Many different kits based on these methods were developed and they are commercially available, for example Oratect, Branan or Uplink, and OraSure. We must consider, however, that no humans have the same metabolite profile in their blood and that cross-reactivity may always occur [122,123]. Nevertheless, these tests offer a simple way of excluding most of the suspicious samples, but the results still have to be confirmed with a second method such as GC-MS [124,125]. 

Comparative Toxicokinetics. There are no data on the kinetics of diisopropyl methylphosphonate in humans. Studies in animals suggest that metabolism and urinary metabolite profiles are qualitatively similar among species. Additional studies would be useful in understanding the differences in metabolic rates in species and in determining which animal species is the most appropriate model for human exposure. 

Smedsgaard, J. Frisvad, J. C. Using direct electrospray mass spectrometry in taxonomy and secondary metabolite profiling of crude fungal extracs. I. Microbiol. Meth. 1996,25,5-17. 

Askenazi, M., Driggers, E.M., Holtzman, D.A. etal. (2003) Integrating transcriptional and metabolite profiles to direct the engineering of lovastatin-producing fungal strains. Nature Biotechnology, 21, 150-156. 

Recently, the mechanism of 6-nitro-BaP ring hydroxylation has been elucidated by using 3-deutero-6-nitro-BaP (144). When incubated with 3-methylcholanthrene-induced rat liver microsomes, this deuterated analogue yielded the same metabolite profile previously observed with 6-nitro-BaP. Spectroscopic analysis of 3-hydroxy-6-nitro-BaP and 6-nitro-BaP-3,9-hydroquinone indicated that 30% of the deuterium label had migrated to carbon 2, presumably via an NIH shift. Therefore, it appears that 6-nitro-BaP-2,3-oxide is a common intermediate for these two metabolites. 

Liu RH, Liu J and Chen B. 2005. Apples prevent mammary tumors in rats. J Agric Food Chem 53 2341-2343. Long M, Millar DJ, Kimura Y, Donovan G, Rees J, Fraser PD, Bramley PM and Bolwell GP. 2006. Metabolite profiling of carotenoid and phenolic pathways in mutant and transgenic lines of tomato identification of a high antioxidant fruit line. Phytochemistry 67 1750-1757. 

Multiple mass analyzers exist that can perform tandem mass spectrometry. Some use a tandem-in-space configuration, such as the triple quadrupole mass analyzers illustrated (Fig.3.9). Others use a tandem-in-time configuration and include instruments such as ion-traps (ITMS) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICRMS or FTMS). A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer can only perform the tandem process once for an isolated precursor ion (e.g., MS/MS), but trapping or tandem-in-time instruments can perform repetitive tandem mass spectrometry (MS ), thus adding n 1 degrees of structural characterization and elucidation. When an ion-trap is combined with HPLC and photodiode array detection, the net result is a profiling tool that is a powerful tool for both metabolite profiling and metabolite identification. 

FIEHN, O., KOPKA, J., DORMANN, P., ALTMANN, T., TRETHEWEY, R.N., WILLMITZER, L., Metabolite profiling for plant functional genomics, Nature Biotechnol., 2000,18, 1157-1161. 

METABOLITE PROFILING FROM METABOLIC ENGINEERING TO FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS... 

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