Accidents total cost

In any case, like frequency analysis, examining the uncertainties and sensitivities of the results to changes in boundary conditions and assumptions provides greater perspective. The level of effort required for a consequence analysis will be a function of the number of different accident scenarios being analyzed the number of effects the accident sequence produces and the detail with which the release, dispersion, and effects on the targets of interest is estimated. The cost of the consequence analysis can typically be 25% to 50% of the total cost of a large QRA. 

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the injury frequency rate for all manufacturing companies rose from 11.8 in 1960 to 15.3 in 1970. The National Safety Council estimates that there are around 15,000 job-related deaths each year and another 2,300,000 workers suffer disabling injuries. The total cost associated with these accidents is nearly 9,500,000,000/yr. 14 These figures are conservative,... 

II. Estimate of Total Cost of Accidents Related to Sleepiness... 

Damien Leger developed a special report for the National Commission on Sleep Disorders Research (NCSDR). He estimated that the total cost of accidents attributable to sleepiness in 1988 was between 43.15 billion and 56.02 billion dollars (5). He reported that in 1988, the costs of all motor vehicle accidents ( 70.2 billion), work-related accidents ( 47.1 billion), home-based accidents ( 17.4 billion), and public accidents ( 10.9 billion) were 143.4 billion. Any duplications between work-related and motor-vehicle accidents and home-based and motor-vehicle accidents were eliminated in the total by the author. Thus, the total amount was less than the sums. 

According to the higher estimate, 54% of total vehicle accidents occurred at night, which represented 998,460 disabling injuries. Therefore, the total cost estimate was 37.9 billion. 

In 1988, the total cost of work-related accidents of 47.1 billion was based on 10,600 deaths and 1,800,000 disabling injuries. Included in the estimate of work-related accidents attributable to sleepiness were (a) motor-vehicle accidents due to shift work and on-the-job motor vehicle accidents (35.0% of total work-related accidents), (b) falls during work caused by sleepiness or inattention (12.6%), and (c) water and transportation accidents (4.8%). Therefore, of all work-related accidents, about 52.5% might potentially be related to sleepiness and then, accounting for 5565 fatalities and 945,000 disabling injuries, resulted in a cost of 24.7 billion. 

Falls accounted for 4100 deaths, or 22.8% (524,400) of the 2,300,000 disabling injuries, or 2.5 billion of the 10.9 billion cost of accidents in public places. Using the lower cost estimate of 41.6% of total accidents (218,150 disabling injuries) that occurred at maximum hours of sleepiness and 36.1% of fatal accidents (1480 fatalities) accounted for a cost total of 1.04 billion. The higher estimate of 54% of total public accidents was due to nocturnal sleepiness, which yielded 283,176 disabling injuries at a total cost of 1.34 billion. 

Therefore, the total estimated cost of accidents related to sleepiness was the sum total of all component costs. Thus, the lower estimate of cost related to sleepiness includes 1,907,072 disabling injuries and 24,318 fatalities, creating a cost of 43.15 billion in 1988. The higher estimate accounted for 2,474,430 disabling injuries, at a total cost of 56.02 billion (rounding would give a total of 43.2 billion and 55.9 billion, respectively). 

Dr. Wilse Webb performed a different analysis from Leger s using the data of fatal and total motor-vehicle accidents as reported by the National Safety Council in 1988 (6). He proposed a conservative estimate of 1225 fatalities, 45,000 disabling injuries, and 1.75 billion in total cost from these accidents. 

Review the impact of accidents on scheduling and total cost. 

Number of foremen Number of laborers Accidents Wage/salary costs ( ) Accident costs ( ) Total costs ( )... 

To sum up, Heinrich s attempt at developing a method to discover the total costs of accidents was noteworthy. But, the 4-to-l ratio cannot... 

Trying to reduce the severity of the injury is a post-contact safety control. Quick evacuation, prompt medical treatment, adequate medical facilities, and trained personnel all contribute to the reduction of the severity of the injury. The recuperation time after an injury depends on numerous factors. It also determines the number of shifts lost as a result of the accident. These losses in turn determine the total cost of the accident. 

The total cost (including hoth direct and indirect costs) of accidents to the organization, as well as the average cost of each over the 12-month period and... 

The cost of workplace injuries is enormous. In 1992 the U.S. economy lost 115.9 billion from work-related accidents 62.5 billion from wage and productivity losses, 22.0 billion from medical costs, 14.5 billion from administration expenses, 3.4 billion from motor vehicle damages, 10.2 billion from indirect employer costs, and 3.3 billion from fire losses (National Safety Council 1993). In addition to monetary losses, work injuries cause pain and suffering and frequently result in permanent disabilities that impede the normal enjoyment of life. The National Safety Council (1993) estimated that for every dollar of monetary loss accidents lower the quality of life on average by two dollars. With a two-to-one quality-of-life loss ratio the total cost of workplace accidents in 1992 was 347.7 billion, about 5.8 percent of 1992 U.S. GDP. 

The many different types of expenses involved make estimates of the total cost of corrosion difficult and uncertain. There is no doubt, however, that the amounts of money involved are quite elevated. Another important aspect of corrosion concerns safety. Corrosion damage can impair the safe operation of installations or machines and be at the origin of severe accidents and the loss of human life. Furthermore, corrosion is a waste of raw materials and, indirectly, of energy. 

The above figures - in isolation — do not have much impact, but must be related to the total costs of accidents in an individual factory or organisation. When these accident costs are compared with other business costs, such as production, sales and distribution, a true indication of the drain on financial resources can be appreciated. The following hypothetical case is presented as an example ... 

Of particular concern is the impact of such costs on the overall profitability of the organisation. Although the total cost of accidents within a company may be relatively small, it can amount to approximately 2% of the annual running costs, and represents a direct drain on profits. 

Data on total costs of injuries and damage accidents assessment of trends. Systems of loss control. 

The first version of the safety pays argument to be considered here concerns the total cost of accidents. The argument is that the cost of compensation claims is really only a small part of the total cost incurred by employers as a result of workplace injuries. A study conducted in Queensland revealed that the total cost of injury to employers was at least seven times the compensation costs (Mangan... 

This case study makes no claim that worker participation has led to productivity improvements. The only claim is that a focus on OHS has led to a reduction in the total cost of accidents and, in particular, costs due to industrial stoppages. This is by no means a... 

OHS specialists should also seek to estimate the total costs of accidents and place these figures before management. Even very rough and ready methods can be effective. Schaapveld describes one general manager who... 

Should a serious effort be made to assess the total costs of accidents, it is soon realized that these costs come under two major headings ... 

Western National Insurance, in a paper titled The Total Costs of Accidents and How They Effect Your Profits says Most experts estimate that the indirect costs are 3 to 10 times the direct costs of an accident. ... 

The total of hidden costs for all claims was divided by the total cost for benefits paid, resulting in a 1.6-to-l ratio of indirect-to-direct costs. But the report cautions that the 1.6 ratio may be low because certain indirect cost data was omitted, such as OSHA fines and hearings and third party liability and legal actions, and the effect of accident costs on future workers compensation premiums. ... 

A Swiss study examined the epidemiology and costs of work-related bums [18]. These authors found that 4.6 % of all accidents in Switzerland were bums and that 3 % of all work-related accidents were bums. Based on population demographics, they estimated approximately 36,000 bum injuries per year with 5 % of these requiring hospital admission and one-third of those reqniring treatment in a specialized bum center. Of 6,814 bum injuries in 1984, 58 % (3,952) were work related. The total cost for bum care was 17.7 million Swiss Francs, with 19 % for medical care and the rest for other compensation. These anthors did not separate chemical skin injuries from other bum etiologies [18]. 

Estimates of the total cost to BP vary but a figure in the region of 30-40 billion seems likely, making this one of the most expensive accidents in history. BP has said, it has paid 24 billion in expenses related to the oilspill, and it faces fines that may exceed 10 billion. Only a company of BP s size and profitability could withstand such costs without being taken over or going bankrupt. 

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