Accidents fatalities

For instance, Sweden recently adopted an approach to achieve zero traffic accident fatalities or serious injuries by 2020 even though politicians and regulators recognise that some road accidents cannot be avoided [577]. 

Example 2.11 In a certain city with relatively constant population, the average number of people killed per year in automobile accidents is 75. What is the probability of having 80 auto-accident fatalities during the coming year ... 

Securement systems are used to temporarily attach wheelchairs to vehicles during transport. Many wheelchair users can operate a motor vehicle from their wheelchair, but are unable to transfer into a vehicle seat. Auto safety standards have reduced the number of U.S. automobile accident fatalities despite an increase in the number of vehicles. The crash pulse determines the severity of the collision of the test sled, and hence, simulates real-world conditions. Securement systems are tested with a surrogate wheelchair at 30 milesper h (48 - -2/—0 km per h) witha20g deceleration. Wheelchairs must be safely restrained when experiencing an impact of this magnitude and no part of the wheelchair shall protrude into the occupant space where it might cause injury. 

Simply put, reliance on PINGs means the agency misses the forest of safety management for the trees of detailed compliance. This may be one of the reasons for the MMS finding that there had been no discernible improvement in the reduction of accidents, fatalities, injuries, loss of well control, fires, and spills over a studied seven-year period in which it issued some 150 findings of noncompliance each year in GOM operations, as noted earlier in this chapter. 

Regulations to help reduce or prevent truck and bus accidents, fatalities, and injuries by requiring drivers to have a single commercial motor vehicle driver s license. 

Arising out of concern for the high accident fatality rate in South African mines, a subcommittee was appointed to investigate this matter and make recommendations. As a result, the Prevention of Accidents Committee was founded in October 1913. It was one of the world s pioneers in safety and was founded around the same time as the National Safety Council in the United States. 

European Statistics on Accidents at Work (ESAW) and commuting accidents Fatal accidents at work - incidence rate 2008b. Available online at http //epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/... 

Urban population Urban roads will have more accidents and fewer fatalities or severity per kilometre travelled than rural roads, because of the density of vehicles and the lower speeds of travel. Hakkert and Braimaister (2002) have shown in one macro-study that countries with a high level of urbanisation will have higher population densities and they may experience lower levels of fatalities and serious injuries. Page (2001) has found that the population who hve in urban areas have fewer road accident fatalities than other places. Bester (2001) also reported similar results that countries with higher road densities will have fewer fatality rates. Shorter distances to medical services can explain this. 

The number of fatahties in accidents cannot be directly compared internationally since the individual defiiutions of road accident fatality differ widely. Most European countries use the standard of dead within 30 days of the accident occurred. The international fatahty data should all be adjusted to the 30-days defiiution. Most developing countries use the definition of deaths as on the spot or within 24 hours. A correction factor has to be developed to adapt these data to the 30-days definition. 

Broughton, J., (1988). Predictive Models of Road Accident Fatalities. Traffic Engineering and Control, May 1988, lSSN 0041-0683, pp. 296-300. 

Just over half of road accident fatalities in Great Britain occur on rural roads. 

With regard to ensuring employee safety and health, all of OSHA s subparts listed in Figure 9.1 could be employed by employers not only to protect workers but also to ensure OSHA compliance. In this section, we specifically list and describe those standards that are most often cited in Industry Group 138 for lack of compliance or willful violation of Occupational Safety and Health Standards (29 CFR 1910) found during OSHA audits and determined to be causal factors during post-accident/fatality investigations. 

Australian Transport Safety Bureau (2002), Level Crossing Accidents Monograph 10. Canberra Conmionwealth Department of Transport and Regional Services. Australian Transport Safety Bureau (2003), Level Crossing Accident Fatalities. 

Figure 1-5. Traffic accident fatalities per population size and number of registered vehicles in different countries 2002 ( OECD, 2006).

Figure 11-10, United Kingdom trends in percent fatalities of drivers with BAC>0.08% (the legal limit in the U.K. at the time) relative to all accident fatalities, and the number of roadside breath tests conducted each year (from Sweedler et al., 2004, with permission from Taylor and Francis Group, LLC., http //www.taylorandfrancis.com).

According to some safety experts, the low accident fatality rate of school vehicles is not due to careful planning alone, but also to the willingness of other vehicles to yield the right-of-way. Safety problems vary from school district to school district, but the safety record has been excellent during the past 20 years. 

In a large accident, fatalities rarely occur because of a single event. Large accidents occur because unpredictable events and uncertain outcomes interact in time and space to produce disaster. In the Wilberg fire in Orangeville, Emery County, Utah (December 19, 1984), for example, miners were 7600 feet—more than one mile—inside the mine. To escape, they needed oxygen (from self-contained breathing devices called SCSRs) they had to find exitways not blocked by previous roof falls or explosions and they had to de-... 

The average accident fatality rate in the U.S. is approximately 5x10" per individual per year, so the quantitative value for the first goal is 5 x 10 per individual per year. The "vicinity of a nuclear power plant" is defined to be the area within one mile (1.6 km) of the plant site boundary. The average U.S. cancer fatality rate is approximately 2 x 10 per year, so the quantitative value for the second goal is 2 x 10 per average individual per year. The population "near a nuclear power plant" is defined as the population within ten miles (16 km) of the plant site. 

Elvik, R. Can injury prevention efforts go too far Reflections on some possible implications of Vision Zero for road accident fatalities. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1999, 31 265-286. 

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