Academic Contributors

Florida State University Research Foundation, Inc. (Tallahassee, FL, USA) Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (Gwangju, KR) 

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (Rochester, MN, USA) Nagoya Industrial Science Research Institute (Nagoya-shi, JP) 

University of Utah Research Foundation (Salt Lake City, UT, USA) Universiteit Gent (Gent, BE) 

Board of Regents, The University of Texas System (Austin, TX) 

Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science (Changchun, CN) 

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (Daejeon, KR) 

Ministero dell Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica e Technologica (Rome, IT) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Tokyo, IP) Ohio State University (Columbus, OH) 

Research Foundation of State University of New York (Albany, NY) 

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Winter and Szulanski s assessment points to the need for more qualitative, case-based fieldwork to address issues of timing, refinement, and technology transfer. The model we have presented should be regarded as just an initial framework with which we can address other issues related to growth. The wide variety of reports from practitioner and academic contributors to this book suggests that the model we have presented is viable, but needs to account for other paths to growth. 

Special thanks are due to the patience and determination of the contributors who tirelessly prepared drafts and redrafts, attended meetings and more meetings, and reviewed proofs, more proofs, and then the final proofs. It has been a pleasure to work with all members of the professional team at Academic Press toward the common goal of publishing this book on schedule. 

We must first thank all the contributors for their positive response to our call, their dedicated effort and the timely submission of their chapters. We must also thank the people at Kluwer Academic Publishers, especially Jan Willem Wijnen and Emma Roberts for their support and patience with our not always fully justified delays. 

It is a pleasure to acknowledge the service to the subject provided by the publishers. Academic Press, and especially the indefatigable assistance given to the Editor over the years by Messrs R. S. Lawrence and R. Adams. My main thanks go to the contributors who have so readily come forward with ideas or responded to suggestions for timely reviews. Dr. Bethell and I hope that we shall continue to receive such cooperation, and will always welcome expressions of views on the series and its contents. 

This volume spans these diverse areas and bridges the fields of modeling, spectroscopy, chromatography, and extraction. The contributors range from the academic, industrial, and governmental sectors. With this diversity, we have compiled an extensive volume that presents the current status of supercritical fluid technology. 

Entries in the Encyclopedia are in alphabetic sequence. Cross-references appear in small capitals at the ends of the articles to help readers locate related discussions. Articles range from brief, but concise, definitions to extensive overviews that treat key concepts in larger contexts. A fist of common abbreviations and symbols, and a list of the known elements, as well as a modern version of the periodic table are included in the For Your Reference section at the beginning of each volume. A glossary and a comprehensive index appear at the end of each volume. Contributors are listed alphabetically, together with their academic and professional affiliations, at the beginning of each volume. 

A determination of the state-of-the-art in a particular field can probably best be viewed by understanding the motivation of the contributors. Academic work is motivated by a desire to explain nature, a desire to solve unsolved problems and, for pragmatic reasons, a desire to attract funding. Academic work is usually found in the literature. 

Consequence and solution Cognitive unavailability of women s names. When academics are choosing contributors to invite to colloquia and conferences or nominate candidates for awards, they do... 

Finally, the expectations for academic faculty are rising everywhere, contributing to what might be perceived to be a hostile environment. Technology, travel, and information overload are all contributors. That is not just in academia, but also in industry. 

The chapters in this symposium volume represent a cross-section of current research on coal. The title of the symposium reflects the application of the aforementioned techniques to coal studies, the contents of the chapters underscore how rapidly technology is transferred from one discipline to another, and the authorship reveals the universality of interest in coal studies, including as it does, contributors from government, industrial, and, especially, academic laboratories. 

We are grateful to the contributors from eight countries in Asia, Europe, and North America. We hope this collective work of internationally renowned experts on electrochemical technologies can help the environmental engineers, academic... 

The chapters in Characterization and Catalyst Development An Interactive Approach, assembled from both academic and industrial contributors, give a unique perspective on catalyst development Some chapters thoroughly characterize the catalyst prior to plant evaluation, whereas others utilize characterization to explain performance variances. Some new types of catalysts incorporated into this volume include the preparation of novel catalyst supports based on alumina and hydrous titanates. Attrition-resistant catalysts and ultrafine ceramics were prepared by modified spray-drying methods. New catalyst compositions based on vanadium-containing anionic clays were proposed for oxidation. A recently commercialized catalyst based on magnesium spinel was proposed for use in the abatement of sulfur oxide pollutants in fluid... 

Again, it is a pleasure to acknowledge the indebtedness of the users of these volumes to the Advisory Board that helped plan each volume, to the contributors for their unusually high level of excellence, to the staff of Academic Press for their high professional standards, and to Lyda Boyer, whose editorial and other assistance made many tasks lighter. 

With the coming of the millennium, Advances in Physical Organic Chemistry will have a new Editor. After being associated with the editorial side of the series since 1975, first as Associate Editor, then as Co-Editor and finally, after the sad, premature death of Victor Gold in 1985, as Editor, it seemed to me that it was an appropriate time to pass on the baton to a younger pair of hands. Academic Press have been fortunate to secure the services of Professor Thomas Tidwell of the University of Toronto to lead the series into the next century. I leave the series confident that he will command the support of the whole physical organic chemical community and further extend its appeal. My thanks go to the members of my Editorial Advisory Board, the ever-changing editorial staff at Academic Press, the many contributors who. 

The editors first and foremost acknowledge the contribution of our authors without whose expertise and dedication this tome could not have come about. We appreciate the support of the editorial staff at Elsevier/Academic Press for their efforts in bringing this book to fruition. We thank the anonymous chapter reviewers for their suggestions and criticisms which clearly made this a better volume. Finally, we wish to acknowledge the sustained support of the Ocean Sciences section of the National Science Foundation, which has supported the editors and many of the present contributors over the years. 

Although the editors of this text have had considerable industrial and academic experience in process design and equipment selection, there are certain areas in which we have limited or no experience. It was our decision to ask experts to serve as collaborators. We wish to express our profound appreciation to those colleagues and they are mentioned in the List of Contributors. 

Another major innovation is in the treatment of references. We have now adopted the novel style that was used for the first time in the monographs Heterocyclic A -Oxides (by your editor and J. M. Lagowski and published by Academic Press in 1971) and Heteroaromatic Tautomerism, which was the first supplementary volume of this series. The method of treating references has been used more recently in Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry. It offers considerable advantages both for contributors and for readers the reader can at a glance usually determine the year, the journal, and the page number, without looking the reference up. Naturally, complete details of all references are included at the end of each chapter. 

This book on the biogeneration of aromas comes at an opportune time. During the 1960 s and 70 s research in this area at the industrial and academic level was neglected in favor of classical analytical research aimed at unravelling the complexities of the chemical mixtures responsible for the aroma of food. In retrospect it appears that this was the proper way to approach this problem, since we had to identify the important aroma contributors before considering their biological origin. 

It is a great pleasure for me to be able to express my gratitude to all of the contributors to this volume for the careful preparation and timely submission of their manuscripts. I would also like to thank the staff at Academic Press (London) for their very helpful cooperation in the production of this series of reports. 

During the twentieth century the chemical and process industry was one of the greatest contributors to improving mankind s quality of life. This contribution arose from the application of chemical engineering to manufacturing products on a wholly new scale. It involved both academic and industrial practitioners in the development of the discipline, which acquired a coherence suited to this period, based initially on the unit operations approach pioneered at MIT. The major achievement of the discipline was in the development of economic and safe processing of materials in bulk, often based on petroleum feedstocks. 

Industry, on the other hand, has never been a significant contributor of research facilities other than its own in-house laboratories (207).2When industry has provided research grants or contracts to academic institutions, its support for indirect and overhead expenses (which pay for facilities and administration) has generally been below the standard Federal contribution for such costs. 

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