Physical organic

A highly readable account of early efforts to apply the independent-particle approximation to problems of organic chemistry. Although more accurate computational methods have since been developed for treating all of the problems discussed in the text, its discussion of approximate Hartree-Fock (semiempirical) methods and their accuracy is still useful. Moreover, the view supplied about what was understood and what was not understood in physical organic chemistry three decades ago is... 

The fonn of the classical (equation C3.2.11) or semiclassical (equation C3.2.11) rate equations are energy gap laws . That is, the equations reflect a free energy dependent rate. In contrast with many physical organic reactivity indices, these rates are predicted to increase as -AG grows, and then to drop when -AG exceeds a critical value. In the classical limit, log(/cg.j.) has a parabolic dependence on -AG. Wlren high-frequency chemical bond vibrations couple to the ET process, the dependence on -AG becomes asymmetrical, as mentioned above. 

L.P. Hammett, Physical Organic Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1940. 

This thesis contributes to the knowledge of catalysis in water, us it describes an explorative journey in the, at the start of the research, unh odded field of catalysis of Diels-Alder reactions in aqueous media. The discussion will touch on organic chemistry, coordination chemistry and colloid chemistry, largely depending upon the physical-organic approach of structural variation for the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms and principles of the observed phenomena. 

Physical facilities help, but do not per se make a research institute. It is the people who work there and their contributions and devoted hard work that is most important. We are nearing a quarter of a century since the Hydrocarbon Research Institute was started at USC. At the beginning in 1977, Sid Benson and I shared the scientific directorship of the Institute and Jerry Segal carried out the administrative responsibilities as executive director. When we moved into our own building in 1979, Bill Stephenson, a physical-organic chemist and a former colleague of mine in Cleveland who subsequently joined us at... 

Zollinger, H. (1964). In Advances in Physical Organic Chemistry, vol. 2, ed. V. Gold. London Academic Press. 

Hammett, L. P. (1940). Physical Organic Chemistry. New York McGraw-Hill. 

A number of glossaries of terms and symbols used in the several branches of chemistry have been pubHshed. They include physical chemistry (102), physical—organic chemistry (103), and chemical terminology (other than nomenclature) treated in its entirety (104). lUPAC has also issued recommendations in the fields of analytical chemistry (105), coUoid and surface chemistry (106), ion exchange (107), and spectroscopy (108), among others. 

V. Gold, compiler, Glossay of Terms Used in Physical-Organic Chemisty. Recommendations 1982, BlackweU, Oxford and London, 1982. 

This explosion in steroid chemistry both stimulated and was aided by the development of conformational analysis (10). Many basic, physical organic chemistry principles were estabUshed as a result of the study of the logically predictable chemistry of the rigid perhydro-l,2-cyclopentenophenanthrene, steroid skeleton. 

N. Issacs, Physical Organic Chemistry, Longman Scientific and Technical, U.K., 1987. 

J. Hine, Physical Organic Chemisty, McGraw-HiU Book Co., New York, 1962, Chapt. 9. 

Solvent effects on chemical equilibria and reactions have been an important issue in physical organic chemistry. Several empirical relationships have been proposed to characterize systematically the various types of properties in protic and aprotic solvents. One of the simplest models is the continuum reaction field characterized by the dielectric constant, e, of the solvent, which is still widely used. Taft and coworkers [30] presented more sophisticated solvent parameters that can take solute-solvent hydrogen bonding and polarity into account. Although this parameter has been successfully applied to rationalize experimentally observed solvent effects, it seems still far from satisfactory to interpret solvent effects on the basis of microscopic infomation of the solute-solvent interaction and solvation free energy. 

J. Hine, Physical Organic Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1962, pp. 95-98 P. R. Wells, Linear Free Energy Relationships, Academic Press, New York, 1968, pp. 35-44 M. Charton, Prog. Phys. Org. Chem. 10 81 (1973) S. Ehrenson, R. T. C. Brownlee, and R. W. Taft, Prog. Phys. Org. Chem. 10 1 (1973). 

C D. Ritchie, Physical Organic Chemistry, Marcel Deldcer, New bric, 1975. K. B. Wibag, Physical Organic Chemistry, Wiley, New Yoik, 1964. 

Isaacs, N.S. (1995J Physical Organic Chemistry, Longman Higher Educational, Harlow. 

Ritchie, C.D. Physical Organic Chemistry The Fundamental Concepts Marcel Dekker New York, 1975. 

Hammett, L.P. Physical Organic Chemistry McGraw-Hill New York, 1940 Chapter Vll. 

Wiberg, K.B. Physical Organic Chemistry Wiley New York, 1964 pp 408-9. 

Kosower. E.M. An Introduction to Physical Organic Chemistry" Wiley New York. 1968 Part 2. 

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