Abbreviations, listing

Many references to the original literature have been included remembering that some of the best references happened to be in the older literature. Every effort has been made to provide the best references but this may not have been achieved in all cases. Standard abbreviations, listed on page 1, have been used throughout this edition to optimise space, except where no space advantage was achieved, in which cases the complete words have been written down to improve the flow of the sentences. 

An abbreviated listing of the key rating provisions is given in paragraphs UG-125 through 135 of the ASME code, Section 8, Div. 1, for unfired pressure vessels [1]. 

Referencing to the comprehensive article on this class of equipment by Bloch and Noack, an abbreviated listing of the advantages and disadvantages of this equipment is as follows ... 

The long, repetitive sequence of —N—CH-CO- atoms that make up a continuous chain is called the protein s backbone. By convention, peptides are written with the N-terminal amino acid (the one with the free -NH3 1 group) on the left and the C-terminal amino acid (the one with the free -C02 group) on the right. The name of the peptide is indicated by using the abbreviations listed in Table 26.1 for each amino add. Thus, alanylserine is abbreviated Ala-Ser or A-S, and serylalanine is abbreviated Ser-Ala or S-A. Needless to say, the one-letter abbreviations are more convenient than the older three-letter abbreviations. 

IUPAC (1987b) Abbreviated List of Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Homann, K. H. (ed.). Blackwell, Oxford [1.2]. 

The value of a for the methyl esters was chosen as 2.48, (not 1.00) so that the or values would be similar to the Hammett cr constants. Once established, the or scale can be used for many such reactions. Table 10-3 presents an abbreviated list of or constants.12... 

In order to conserve space, the following abbreviations, listed alphabetically, will be used in the text and in the tables ... 

This abbreviated list of papers highlights one of the problems for astrochemists the results important to the subject are scattered around the literature of many disciplines. The way forward is to consult some of the review papers and follow the literature trails, so I have collected some of the papers with a broader perspective of the subject but this is certainly not complete. The references are given in the format of author, date title, journal title, volume and page number. 

Our goal in this chapter is to help you learn about the composition of the atom, the periodic table, and the writing and naming of chemical formulas. Check with your instructor to see how many element names and symbols you need to know, although you will learn many of them through practice. We will only give you an abbreviated list of ions and molecules, so consult your text for a more extensive list. Have a periodic table handy for the discussion throughout the chapter. Practice, Practice, Practice. 

A list of 400 toxic substances may be found in the Federal Register, Volume 40, No. 23072, May 28, 1975. An abbreviated list may be obtained from Inorganic Syntheses, Vol. 18, p. xv, 1978. A current assessment of the hazards associated with a particular chemical is available in the most recent edition of Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in the Workroom Environment published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. 

Table 7.4 contains an abbreviated listing of manufacturers recommended use temperatures for some common materials. Such temperatures must be considered only guides, and the actual use temperatures are subject to actual service conditions and performance requirements. 

In the present overview, we will use some common abbreviations for certain ligands, regardless of their oxidation state. For some less commonly encountered dithiolenes, abbreviations will be explained in the text. In comparing dithiolenes to other sulfur-containing ligand systems, we will also use the abbreviations listed below. 

Catalysis. Kisder explored the catalytic applications of aerogels in the 1930s because of the unique pore characteristics of aerogels (24), but this area of research stayed dormant for about three decades until less tedious procedures to produce the materials were introduced (25,26). Three recent review articles summarize the durry of research activities since then (63-65). Table 3 is a much abbreviated list of what has been cited in these three articles to demonstrate simply the wide range of catalytic materials and reactions that have been studied. 

Specific Materials. Because the fundamental physics and chemistry of reactive gas discharges used for etching is not yet fully understood, empirical approaches to the design of etch processes abound. As indicated earlier, etchant selection begins with considerations of product volatility. Virtually any gas or vapor that can dissociate to form etchant species has been considered or studied. An abbreviated list of the most common reactant molecules used to etch films of interest in electronic materials processing is given in Table IV. 

The peptide sequence of a polypeptide can also be expressed using the one-letter abbreviations listed in text Table 27.1. Methionine enkephalin becomes YGGFM. 

Table 4.7. Abbreviated list of authorized feed enzymes in the European Community (Directive 70/524/EEC and Annex to Directive 82/471/EEC).

The following table provides guidance in choosing a chelating agent for the analysis of inorganic species by gas chromatography.1-3 The key to the abbreviation list is provided below. 

An abbreviated list of a few of the most important elements, which the reader may find useful, is given in Table 1.2. A complete list of the well over 100 known elements which may be found in any... 

Upon a response of S", it is assumed that the spectral data is to be examined. An abbreviated list of the scope commands is printed and the display of the spectra data will begin. Figure 11 continues the scope commands that are printed. 

Similar rules hold for the combination of two like atoms, the main difference being that the resulting molecular states must be either even or odd. Again an abbreviated list is presented in table 6.5 more comprehensive lists are available in the literature. Note that it is not necessary to specify the parities of the separated atoms, since we are dealing with combinations of like atoms. 

Although final heat-exchanger designs will be made on the basis of careful calculations of U, it is helpful to have a tabulation of values of the overall heat-transfer coefficient for various situations which may be encountered in practice. Comprehensive information of this sort is available in Refs. 5 and 6, and an abbreviated list of values of U is given in Table 10-1. We should remark that the value of U is governed in many cases by only one of the convection heat-transfer coefficients. In most practical problems the conduction resistance is small compared with the convection resistances. Then, if one value of h is markedly lower than the other value, it will tend to dominate the equation for U. Examples 10-1 and 10-2 illustrate this concept. 

An abbreviated list of recommended values of the fouling factor for various fluids is given in Table 10-2, and a very complete treatment of the subject is available in Ref.[9],... 

Examples of aromatic amines that can be dia-zotized are shown in Fig. 13.83. This extremely abbreviated list is designed to show that a wide variety of amines can be used, including hydrophobic, weakly basic, hydrophilic, and heterocyclic compounds. orf/zo-Diamines are not typically used because of their propensity to undergo triazole formation (Fig. 13.84). 

For the place of publication, give the city and state for U.S. cities or the city and country for all others. The country or state is not needed if the city is considered a major city in the world and could not be confused easily with other cities of the same name (e.g., London, Paris, New York, and Rome). Use the two-letter postal abbreviations (listed in Chapter 10) for states. Spell out names of countries unless they have standard abbreviations, such as U.K. for United Kingdom. 

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