List of Symbols and Abbreviations

Chemical species and units of physical quantities are denoted by Roman type characters, whereas physical quantities that can be expressed by numerical values are denoted by Greek or italic characters. Mathematical symbols have their usual meaning and are not listed here. The same symbol is used for an extensive property of a system and for the molar quantity of a constituent of the system. The SI system of physical units is used throughout, but some extra SI units commonly used in the physicochemical literature are also included where they simplify the notation. These include the symbols °C for centigrade temperatures (T/K-273.15), M for mol-dm , and m for mol (kg solvent) .  

Potential interaction energy in the system (J) speed of sound in a liquid (m-s ) volume, molar volume (m -mol ) water, a generalized reference solvent mass fraction of species X generalized solute mole fraction of species X 

Kamlet-Taft electron pair donation ability of solvent mean ionic molal activity coefficient of electrolyte chemical shift of NMR signal (ppm) 

Hildebrand Solubility Parameter (in Pa ) permittivity of empty space (8.8542x 10 C -J -m ) relative permittivity 

A chemical substance or ion is generally referred to in the text by its name or formula, but in tables and as subscripts, abbreviations are generally employed. The common abbreviations of alkyl chains employed are as follows Me, methyl Et, ethyl Pr, 1-propyl Bu, 1-butyl Pe, 1-pentyl Hx, 1-hexyl Oc, 1-octyl and Ph, phenyl. Common solvents have the following abbreviations EG, 1,2-ethanediol THE, tetrahydrofuran Diox, 1,4-dioxane PC, propylene carbonate FA, formamide DMF, A,A-dimethylfonnamide NMPy, A-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone Py, pyridine DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide TMS, tetramethylenesulfone (sulfolane), and HMPT, hexamethyl phosphoric triamide. The names of other solvents are occasionally abbreviated as noted in the footnotes of tables. 

---

Table 13.16 provides the list of symbols and abbreviations used. 

---