Some Common Abbreviations

Bruneton J (1999) Pharmacognosy. Lavoisier, Andover. Evans WC (1996) Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy. Saunders, London. 

Newall CA, Anderson LA and Phillipson JD (1996) Herbal Medicines. A Guide for Health-care Professionals. Pharmaceutical, London. 

Robbers JE, Speedie MK and Tyler VE (1996) Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD. 

Robbers JE and Tyler VE (1999) Tyler s Herbs of Choice. The Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals. Haworth Herbal, New York. 

Samuelsson G (1999) Drugs of Natural Origin. Swedish Pharmaceutical, Stockholm. 

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Appendix 10,1 Some Common Abbreviations and Acronyrris Used in Bioinformatics... 

In the present overview, we will use some common abbreviations for certain ligands, regardless of their oxidation state. For some less commonly encountered dithiolenes, abbreviations will be explained in the text. In comparing dithiolenes to other sulfur-containing ligand systems, we will also use the abbreviations listed below. 

Names and Some Common Abbreviations Chemical Formula... 

Abbreviations are often used for parts of structures, particularly when these do not participate in a reaction. Thus the symbol R may be used for the remainder of a molecule. The abbreviation Ar may be used for an aromatic ring while Ph is used for phenyl (C Hj). Some common abbreviations for alkyl groups are given in Table 1.3. 

For clarity s sake we will avoid abbreviations, but for the sake of completeness some common abbreviations are listed below. 

Some Common Abbreviations Used in the Piastics industry ... 

Appendix A Some Common Abbreviations Used in the Plastics Industry Appendix B Important Properties of Plastics and Listing of Plastics Suppliers Appendix C Important Properties of Elastomers... 

SOME COMMON ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE PLASTICS INDUSTRY... 

Here are some common abbreviations and terms found in the pages of Engineered Systems. 

Bioinformatics is a relatively new discipline that is concerned with the collection, organisatic and analysis of biological data. It is beyond our scope to provide a comprehensive overvie of this discipline a few textbooks and reviews that serve this purpose are now available (s the suggestions for further reading). However, we will discuss some of the main rnethoc that are particularly useful when trying to predict the three-dimensional structure and fum tion of a protein. To help with this. Appendix 10.1 contains a limited selection of some of tf common abbreviations and acronyms used in bioinformatics and Appendix 10.2 lists sorr of the most widely used databases and other resources. 

Most calculations today are done by choosing an existing segmented GTO basis set. These basis sets are identihed by one of a number of notation schemes. These abbreviations are often used as the designator for the basis set in the input to ah initio computational chemistry programs. The following is a look at the notation for identifying some commonly available contracted GTO basis sets. 

Abbreviations for Ligand Names. Except for certain hydrocarbon radicals, for ligand (L) and metal (M), and a few with H, all abbreviations are in lowercase letters and do not involve hyphens. In formulas, the ligand abbreviation is set off with parentheses. Some common abbrevia-... 

The Chains and Averages of Polymers Table 1.3 Name, Abbreviation, and R Group for Some Common Amino Acids ... 

Common abbreviations used here include py (pyridine), pip (piperidine), THF (tetrahydrofuran), DMF (dimethylformamide), etc. Some others are given in Table III. 

Table 3.1 gives the structure and common abbreviation of some of the most frequently used hydroxy-protecting groups. 

The pneumococci all belong to different types of the same species, namely, Streptococcus pneumoniae. This was earlier called Diplococcus pneumoniae, but has been renamed.5 6 7 There are some 80 different types of pneumococcus, and two systems of nomenclature, the Danish, used in Europe, and Eddy s, used in the United States.8 Tables correlating the Danish and American designations have been published.8 The Danish system, with Arabic numerals and common abbreviations, such as Phi for Type 1 and SI for its type-specific, capsular polysaccharide, will be used in this article. 

In order to obtain better and faster separation, instruments using higher pressures than common HPLC have been developed. These are often referred to as ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatographs (UPHPLC), or some similar abbreviation. They are used in a manner similar to HPLC and can be connected to mass spectrometers. 

Since the interaction of the mixture components with the liquid stationary phase plays the key role in the separation process, the nature of the stationary phase is obviously important. Several hundred different liquids useful as stationary phases are known. This means that the analyst has an awesome choice when it comes to selecting a stationary phase for a given separation. It is true, however, that relatively few such liquids are in actual common use. Their composition is frequently not obvious to the analyst because a variety of common abbreviations have come to be popular for the names of some of them. Table 12.3 lists a number of common stationary phases, their abbreviated names, a description of their structures, and the classes of compounds (in terms of polarity) for which each is most useful. 

The ACS Style Guide recommends that authors spell out most terms in titles (except for common abbreviations, e.g., NMR, DNA, and UV). Some journals allow a few additional terms to be used in titles without definition (e.g., FTIR, PCBs, GC/MS, and PAHs). In the following examples, NMR, GC/MS, and PCB are not defined PAH is defined in one title but not in two others, and MDAM is defined. 

Table 1.2.1 Some commonly used Latin abbreviations in prescription writing ...

Table 7.4 contains an abbreviated listing of manufacturers recommended use temperatures for some common materials. Such temperatures must be considered only guides, and the actual use temperatures are subject to actual service conditions and performance requirements. 

FIGURE 7-12 Some common disaccharides. Like maltose in Figure 7-11, these are shown as Haworth perspectives. The common name, full systematic name, and abbreviation are given for each disaccharide. 

Abbreviations. These may be used to represent ligands in formulae, and they are cited in the same place as the formulae they stand for. The abbreviations should be lower case, and enclosed in parentheses. Some commonly used abbreviations are in [Tabic 1-3 ]... 

Some common anticancer drug combinations and the types of cancer in which they are used are listed in Table 36-8. These drug combinations are often indicated by an acronym of the drug names. For instance, FAC indicates a regimen of fluorouracil, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and cyclophosphamide. These abbreviations are used to summarize drug therapy in a patient s medical chart, so therapists should be aware of the more common chemotherapy combinations. 

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