A Special Use

One use of lithium carbonate - in fact a very significant one - is as an additive to fused cryolite NajAlFg in primary aluminum producHon. The melHng point is decreased, the electrical conductivity improved and the energy consumption is lowered. 

Most importantly, the environment benefits as the fluorine emission decreases by 20-30%. 

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A special use for meltblown olefin fiber is in filtration media such as surgical masks and industrial filters (78). The high surface area of these ultrafine filament fibers permits preparation of nonwoven filters with effective pore sizes as small as 0.5 p.m. 

A special use of sodium arsenite (applied in aqueous alkaline solutions) is partial reduction of trigeminal halides to geminal halides [220] and reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to azoxy compounds [221]. 

ACTIVATOR. 1. A substance that renders a material or a system reactive commonly, a catalyst. 2. A special use of this term occurs in the flotation process, where an activator assists the action of the collector. 3. An impurity atom, present in a solid, that makes possible the effects of luminescence, or markedly increases their efficiency. Examples are copper in zinc sulfide, and thallium in potassium chloride. See also Enzyme. 

The silicon detectors were made of n-typed single crystal of 1 mm thick. They have a MOS structure of gold, tungsten oxide, n-typed silicon and aluminum back contact. Since these layers can be deposited on the silicon wafer by evaporation techniques, the fabrication process is so simple as to be applicable to fabrication of the detectors for a special use. No surface treatment for passivation is given to them so that their performance is affected by ambient gases. For example, some good detectors show a leakage current of half micro-ampere at room temperature in the atmosphere, but a few micro-ampere in vacuum. So, in order to stabilize their performance, the silicon detectors were operated at the dry ice temterature. 

A large number of micromixers have been used most often their designs were not oriented on a special use for gas-liquid reactions but rather on mixing of miscible... 

In particular, the expectation is that by numbering up the same product quality can be assured for the production and laboratory level obviously, this is not the case for the current practice, at least in a number of cases. Thus, increase in purity is one goal of the investigations. Online analysis with temporal and spatial resolution is used for process control. An economic and ecologic evaluation of the results is made. Applications are the sale of the ionic liquids as laboratory chemicals and a special use of these for electrochemical deposition for surface refinement of mass products. 

One of these four experiments can find a special use. Step-Growth Polymerization Synthesis of a Polyurethane Foam can be a special part of a study of stoichiometry. Although it does not deal with molar ratios, it does ask the students to calculate how much of each reactant is needed to produce an object of a desired volume. This reviews concepts such as unit conversions and volume. 

Paired t-test is just a special use of a 95 per cent Cl for a single set of values... 

The results of total chemical analysis are usually expressed in oxides. For example, the percent of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, ferrous and ferric oxides, etc., is given in Chapter 1, Section I.3.2.2. A special use of chemical analysis is the determination of cation- or anion-exchange capacity (Chapter 1, Section 1.3.3.2). 

Materials. The word material is used in referring to any kind of matter, whether homogeneous or heterogeneous. Sometimes the word substance is used in the same broad way. This usage is to be avoided in chemistry, however the chemist has a special use for the word substance. 

The ability to form complexes with such a large number of substances is a special feature of polyvinylpyrrolidone (Section 2.2.7). The complexes formed are almost always soluble and are stable only in an acid medium. This property can be used to increase the solubility of drugs in liquid dosage forms, as in the case of povidone-iodine. In solid dosage forms, the ability to form complexes is used to increase bioavailability. A reduction in the local toxicity of certain drugs can also be achieved by complexation with povidone. A special use for the complexation properties lies in the stabilization of proteins and enzymes in diagnostics. 

This is a special use of Friedel-Crafts reaction. However, except the BASF electro-process, the other two processes have not been commercialized. 

Isotopes (particularly deuterium) are often used as labels to show where a reaction has occurred in a particular molecule. A specialized use of kinetics applied to isotopically substituted molecules provides information about the mechanism that is often not available from other... 

The directional coupler is an asymmetric power divider. It can be used, for example, to divide an rf signal so that a small amount goes to the receiver mixer and the main part goes to the transmitter. A special use for a directional coupler as a duplexer was discussed on pp. 394-395. 

This has a special use as a paint additive (Chapter 10). More will be said about oils and drying in Chapter 12. 

Analytic gradient methods became widely used as a result of their implementation for closed-shell self-consistent field (SCF) wavefunctions by Pulay, who has reviewed the development of this topic. Since then, these methods have been extended to deal with all types of SCF wavefunctions, - as well as multi-configuration SCF (MC-SCF), - " configuration-interaction (Cl) wavefunctions, and various non-variational methods such as MoUer-Plesset (MP) perturbation theory - - and coupled-cluster (CC) techniques. - In short, it is possible to obtain analytic energy derivatives for virtually all the standard ab initio approaches. The main use of analytic gradient methods is, and will remain, the location of stationary points on a potential energy siuface, to obtain equilibrium and transition-state geometries. However, there is a specialized use in the calculation of quantities such as dipole derivatives. 

A special use for organophosphites is the production of singlet oxygen 02( D) which has sufficient lifetime to participate in chemical reactions. It is obtained by decomposition of the ozonide R = Ph (12.304). 

Nitrile base rubbers will swell considerably in such solvents, and polysulflde has found a special use in applications using such solvents. However, compared with nitrile, it has poor tensile strength, pungent odor, poor rebound, high creep under strain, and poor abrasion resistance. 

The transport of consignments by means of a special use vessel which, by virtue of its design, or by reason of its being chartered, is dedicated to the purpose of carrying radioactive material, shall be excepted from the requirements specified in para. 567 provided that the following conditions are met ... 

Wall or curtain drenchers - wall or curtain drenchers throw water to one side only of the outlet in the form of a flat curtain over those openings or portions of a building most likely to admit fire. A special use for... 

The 2-pyridyl and related 2-imidazoyl disulfides have found a special use in the closure of large lactone rings.This type of structural feature is encountered... 

A special use of a combination of acylation and silylation for the GC-MS analysis of stanozolol in calf urine has been described [21,22]. A similar approach has been used for indolalkylamines [23]. 

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