Zn Octoate

Solvent resistant laminates for printed circuits were manufactured by coating of copper foil with a solution of PPO, BPA/DC, bis(4-maleimidophenyl) ether and Zn octoate in toluene the coated foil was laminated with PPO-impregnated glass fabric [47]. Similar result was achieved by the modification of PPO with polyfunctional cyanates or maleimides, liquid polybutadiene and a polymerization catalyst [48], A solvent and heat resistant composition for printed circuits consists of copoly [(2,6-dimethylphenylene)-(2,3,6-trimethylphenylene)]oxide, maleic anhydride grafted poly-1,2-butadiene, bis(4-maleimidophenyl)methane, BPA/DC and toluene. BPA/DC prepolymer may be used instead of the monomer [49]. 

Instead of BPA/DC monomer, the corresponding prepolymer was heated with BMI to obtain a binder [62], In a similar composition, p-toluenesulfonic acid was used as the cyanate/maleimide prereaction catalyst. For the crosslinking stage Zn octoate was added [63], Both BPA/DC and BMI can be used in the form of prepolymers. The binder for copper clad laminates contains, moreover, a saturated polyester, Zn octoate and powdered fused quartz [64],... 

Curing agents and cyclotrimerization catalysis should be properly chosen for the epoxide-BPA/DC systems. As an example, a mixture consisting of Zn octoate, 2-ethylimidazole and triethylenediamine (DABCO) can be mentioned [79]. 

Fire resistant reinforced plastic was obtained by using tetrabromo-BPA based epoxide resin, BPA/DC monomer and prepolymer as well as an imidazole curing agent and Zn octoate [82],... 

A binder was obtained from an epoxynovolak resin, BPA/DC, BMI, dicyclopenta-diene, Zn acetate and dicumyl peroxide [94]. In a similar composition, BPA/DC prepolymer was used as curing and cyclotrimerization initiators and catalysts, catechol, triethylenediamine, Zn acetate and benzoyl peroxide are mentioned [95], Other compositions contain A1 acetylacetonate and a silicone resin [96], p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate and Zn octoate (for rapid curing) [97], or dicumyl peroxide and Zn octoate [98]. 

Another multicomponent heat resistant (Tg = 220 °C) system consists of epoxide resin, carboxyl terminated polybutadiene, glycidyl methacrylate, BPA/DC, diamines and bismaleimides. It contains catalysts and initiators, e.g. Zn octoate, triethylene-diamine and benzoyl peroxide [89]. 

Two-layered GRPs for copper clad laminates are obtained with one layer consisting of the three-component system (e.g. BPA/DC, BMI, brominated epoxide resin, Zn octoate and triethylenediamine in methylethylketone). The other layer has the usual epoxy matrix (brominated epoxide resin, dicyandiamide as a hardener and 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole as curing accelerator) [119]. As similar two-layered laminate contains BPA/DC, BMI, epoxynovolak resin, Zn acetate and triethylenediamine in the first layer and BPA/DC only with the same catalysts in the second layer [120]. 

Curing of multicomponent systems consisting of BPA/DC, BMI and diallyl or triallyl esters (triallyl isocyanurate TAIC in particular) results in high Tgvalues. Such compositions consist of BPA/DC, BMI, TAIC, diallyl phthalate and dicumyl peroxide [127], BPA/DC prepolymer, BMI, TAIC, /erf.butyl peroxide, Zn acetate and DABCO [128] or BMI/trimethylene bis(4-aminobenzoate) prepolymer, BPA/DC, Zn octoate and TAIC [129]. 

Some dicyanate-containing compositions, which contain rubbers as flexibilizing components, were described in the preceding chapters. There were also patent applications made, where dicyanates were claimed as additives in typical rubber mixtures. In such mixtures, butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber is used. The main components of such binders are nitrile rubber, BPA/DC and methylethylketone. They contain, moreover, Zn octoate and Fe203 [144] or ZnO and sulfur [145]. Isoprene-acryloni-trile rubber, BPA/DC prepolymer, Zn octoate, DABCO and benzoyl peroxide were dissolved in a methylethylketone-dimethylformamide mixture. Glass fiber was impregnated with the obtained solution [146]. 

MePEG (Aldrich, avg. MW = 350) and PEG (Aldrich, avg. MW = 300) were dried under vacuum at 60 C for two days, no evidence of H2O was noted by IR spectroscopy after drying. PMHS (Petrarch, MW = 4,500-5,000) and the catalyst Zn octoate (Petrarch, 50 wt.% PDMS) were used as received. Siloxane(30) was prepared by reacting a stoichiometric amount of PEG, MePEG, PMHS and ca. 50 mg of Zn octoate/PDMS in xylene at 130 C for ca. four hours. Solvent was removed under vacuum and while removing the solvent, the temperature was slowly increased to 130 C. After ca. 2 hours, a colorless solid had formed. We call this polymer siloxane(30). The solid was washed for 1-4 days with CH2CI2 a soxhlet extractor to remove unreacted polyethers and the catalyst. Siloxane(30) was dried under vacuum (ca. 2 x 10 torr) for > 48 hours, and stored in a dry, inert atmosphere. 

Octoate Z Solid Polyplastol 23 Stabiol ZN 1500 Struktol ZEH Zinc 2-ethylhexanoate 136-60-7 Benciol B BUB... 

Preferred catalysts can be obtained from Shepherd Chemical Co. and Amspec Specialty Chemicals and used with metal concentrations in the range 200-300 ppm of Cu " ", Co" " ", Co" "" ", Zn" " " and Mn" " ", or alternatively, acetyl acetonates can be used in conjunction with 1.5-6 phr nonylphenol. The acetyl acetonates are more latent than the corresponding naphthenates or octoates, and have a typical outlife of up to four weeks at room temperature. Conversion can be achieved at 177°C with a post cure of 1 h at 210°C, followed by 2 h at 250°C. 

Ba/Ca Soap + Cd/Zn Soap + Epoxidized Fatty Ester + Organic Phosphite. This synergistic combination has always heen unnecessarily secretive, sold under vague names such as mixed metal, synergistic, and so on. It is universally used for plasticized PVC, because it is soluble, economical, and effective. The metal soap may he phenate, octoate, neodecanoate, naphthenate, benzoate, laurate, myristate, palmitate, or stearate. 

Mixed metal stabilizers. Mixed metal stabilizers are primarily used in flexible or semirigid PVC products. The most common are barium/zinc (Ba/Zn) metal salts. IVpical liquid barium, cadmium, and zinc stabilizer products consist of such salts as octoates, alkylphenolates, neo decanoates, naphthenates, and benzoates. Typical solid barium, cadmium, and zinc stabilizer products consist of the salts of such fatty acids as stearates or laurates. Generally, Ba/Cd products provide the best thermal stability, followed by Ba/Zn and finally Ca/Zn. However, Ba/Cd stabilizers have come under increased environmental and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) pressure and are being replaced by cadmium-free products that are usually Ca/Zn and Ba/Zn. Several Ca/Zn stabilizers have been approved by the FDA for use in food-contact applications. 

Coordination-insertion polymerization has been extensively used for preparing polymers such as polyesters and polyphosphoesters with well-defined molecular profiles. The most widely used polyesters such as polylactic acid (PLA) and poly (lactic-co-glycohc acid) (PLGA) are produced on industrial scale by following the coordination-insertion polymerization method catalyzed by tin(II)bis (2-ethyUiexanoate) (Stannous octoate, Sn(Oct)2). Other metal alkoxides containing free p-, d-, or/-orbitals such as Mg-, Ti-, Zr-, Fe-, A1-, Y-, Sm-, and Zn-alkoxides are also widely used as the catalyst for this type of polymerization [61]. 

Schwach, G., Coudane, J., Engel, R., Vert, M., 1996. Zn lactate as initiator of OL-lactide ring opeiung polymerization and comparison with Sn octoate. Polymer Bulletin 37, 771-776. 

Mixed Metal Salts (or Soaps). These consist of Ba/Cd salts (once the most widely used because of their effectiveness but now declining owing to regulatory pressure), Ba/Zn, and Ca/Zn salts. The efficacy of these mixed metal salts as thermal stabilizers follows that order. Mainly used in flexible or semirigid PVC, they are available in solid and liquid versions. Solids are typically salts of fatty acids such as stearates and laurates while liquid versions are octoate, phenolate, and neodecanoate salts. Mixed metal salts are almost always used in the presence of secondary stabilizers such as organophosphites, epoxies (eg, epoxidized soyabean oil), and j8-diketones. This is particularly the case for the less active Ba and Ca/Zn. The ratio of metal salt to secondary stabilizer is typically 4 1. Mixed metal salts or soaps are available from Akros, Baerlocher, Ferro, and Rohm Haas in North America. 

Some stabilizers are effective in improving weathering behaviour. Lead compounds are good heat stabilizers basic lead carbonate or tribasic lead sulphate are favoured stabilizers but are toxic. The stearate, palmitate and octoate salts of Cd, Ba, Ca, Zn are increasingly used, but toxicity limits the range of applications for Cd. Organo-tin compounds are also effective stabilizers, especially for transparent products, but may also be somewhat toxic. 

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