Triethylene diamine

In actual practice, catalysts are usually employed to catalyze the isocyanate/ alcohol reaction at room temperature. Typical catalysts for this reaction are the tin(IV) salts, e.g., dibutytin dilaurate, or tertiary amines, such as triethylene diamine [2]. 

Triethylene diamine (TEDA also known as l,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, or DABCO) is a powerful catalyst with a high selectivity for gellation. One reason... 

TDI isomers, 210 Tear strength tests, 242-243 TEDA. See Triethylene diamine (TEDA) Telechelic oligomers, 456, 457 copolymerization of, 453-454 Telechelics, from polybutadiene, 456-459 TEM technique, 163-164 Temperature, polyamide shear modulus and, 138. See also /3-transition temperature (7)>) Brill temperature Deblocking temperatures //-transition temperature (Ty) Glass transition temperature (7) ) Heat deflection temperature (HDT) Heat distortion temperature (HDT) High-temperature entries Low-temperature entries Melting temperature (Fm) Modulu s - temperature relationship Thermal entries Tensile strength, 3, 242 TEOS. See Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)... 

Triethylene diamine (TEDA), 230, 231 Triethyl phosphate (TEP), 354 Trifluoroactic anhydride, 78 Trifhioromethanesulfonic acid, 334 Trifunctional monomers, 14 Triglyceride content, in resins, 60 Trihydroxymethylphenol curing process, 410... 

DABCO = l,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (triethylene diamine) (22) is a moderately basic amine, removable by sublimation, that causes enantiomeriza-tion of amino acid residues that have been reacted to form Schiff s bases (RR C=NCHR2CO-). 

Cd[C2H4(NH2)2]2 N3)2 mw 325.37, N 26.55% wh ppt, mp - melts deflgr with a bright flame when heated on a Ni spatula readily sol in cold w decomp by dissolving in acids was prepared by reacting Cd triethylene-diamine-sulfate with Barium Azide (Ref 2)... 

Castellucci, Sbrana and Verderame 223> report a phase transition at -60° in CSHSN (deutero pyridine), but could not induce a similar transition in normal pyridine (see also Loisel and Lorenzelli, 61>). May and Pace 224> report two phases in CH3SH and the deuterated CH3SD, using IR-techniques, as well as X-ray diffraction the transition takes place at 136 °K. Bruesch and Giinthard 225) report phase transitions for bicyclo (2.2.2) octane, triethylene-diamine and quinuclidine. 

DABCO 33 LV is also known as triethylene diamine. It is a cage-like compound with no steric hindrance (Figure 2.39), which helps make it a very effective catalyst. It is reactive at close to ambient temperatures. The application range is in the range of 0.3 to 0.6 parts per 100 of prepolymer. To obtain the desired rate, a mixture of an acid (such as oleic) with a bismuth catalyst can be used. Bismuth catalysts include bismuth neodecanoate and bismuth ocotate. 

Treatment of allophanoyl chlorides 241 with a base, such as triethylene diamine, led to the formation of 1,3-diazetidinediones 242 (Equation 31) <1978JOC4530>. 

Another multicomponent heat resistant (Tg = 220 °C) system consists of epoxide resin, carboxyl terminated polybutadiene, glycidyl methacrylate, BPA/DC, diamines and bismaleimides. It contains catalysts and initiators, e.g. Zn octoate, triethylene-diamine and benzoyl peroxide [89]. 

The Bamberg-Backlund rearrangement of a,a-dichlorodibenzyl sulphones leads to diarylthiiren 1,1-dioxides. The rearrangement is clean when induced by triethylene-diamine (TED) in DMSO at ambient temperatures and furnishes the thiiren 1,1-dioxides in over 90% yields. The latter on thermal decomposition eliminate sulphur dioxide and afford diarylacetylenes in over 90% yields (equation 107) . Recently it has been found that a.oc-dichlorodibenzyl sulphides can be directly converted into diarylacetylenes in 62-93% yields by refluxing them with r-BuOK in THE. ... 

Tertiary amines are catalysts for both isocyanate-hydroxyl and isocyanate-water reactions. Generally, an increase in base strength in tertiary amines increases the catalytic strength. However, in the case of triethylene diamine (DABCO) the nucleophilicity is enhanced by the steric configuration. Electron-donating substituents enhance catalytic activity. Some tertiary amines are illustrated in Figure 2.20. 

While most tertiary amine catalysts are effective approximately in proportion to their base strength, an exception is triethylene diamine, 4-diaza[2.2.2]bicyclo-octane). As shown by Farkas et al. [142,143] this catalyst is much more powerful than would be predicted from its base strength, being five times stronger as a catalyst than iV,JV -dimethyl-piperazine, which has slightly greater basicity. It was first suggested that the explanation may be the complete lack of steric hindrance in the structure. 

Later work by Farkas and Strohm [121], however, related the catalytic strength of an amine to its F1/2 value, the potential at the halfneutralization point in a potentiometric titration in ethyl acetate. In this analysis a high potential indicates low basicity. The F, y 2 value should be a better measure of the basic strength of the amine as a catalyst for the isocyanate/hydroxyl reaction than pK measures of base strength, since the pK value is obtained in aqueous media. The Fjy2 values do, indeed, correlate well with catalytic effect, and explain the unusual catalytic strength of triethylene diamine, as shown in Table 10. The rate data in this table are for the reaction between phenyl isocyanate and 2-ethyl-hexanol. 

Many metallic compounds were found to be catalysts for the isocyanate/hydroxyl reaction. A list of the type compounds in a roughly descending order of catalytic activity is Bi, Pb, Sn, triethylene diamine, strong bases, Ti, Fe, Sb, U, Cd, Co, Th, Al, Hg, Zn, Ni, trialkyl amines, Ce,... 

Fig. 2. Reaction of 0NCO with HjO in dioxane at 23°C in the presence of triethylene diamine (0,0014 M). Effect of reactant concentration. [HjO] = J [0NCO].

MW Triol (Sec.OH) Silicone surfactant Dibutyltin dialurate Stannous octoate Triethylene diamine CFC-11 Water... 

Figure 11.14. Raman line images of polyvinyl chloride, before and after exposure to triethylene diamine. Line focus was applied to the edge of the sample after cutting and polishing, so the position axis represents depth, between the original PVC/air interfaces at 0 and 1500 gm. (Adapted from Reference 14.)...

Series II Unfilled PUs using various compatible polyol blends (PB) in which the code numbers in Table I represent in order the weight ratios of polyols T32/75, LHT240 and EG. A mixture of triethylene diamine and dibutyltin dilaurate was used as catalyst throughout. The various polyol-based reactants and derived RIM PUs are summarised in Table I, including isocyanate/hydroxyl ratios (multiplied by 100), expressed as the System Index. Thus, 1001 represents stoichiometric equivalence, 1041 a 4% excess by weighted equivalents of isocyanate and 971 a 3% excess of hydroxyl. 

Odor compounds may also be released from the plastic materials used in cars. The variety of plastics and possible chemical compounds is broad, which makes the identification of odor causing compounds an extremely comphcated task. An effective and rapid screening of VOCs and semi-VOCs from materials used in automobiles was developed by utihzing the SPME technique [28]. The low molecular weight compoimds extracted from five different automobile materials included different benzene derivatives, aldehydes, esters, biphenyls, phthalates, butylated hydroxytoluene, phenols, alcohols, styrene, triethylene-diamine, carboxylic acids and ketones. A considerable munber of VOCs and semi-VOCs were detected, indicating that more attention should be paid to the selection of materials and additives for automotive parts. 

Organic base salts of derivatives (quinoline (32,34,37,44) dicyclohexylamine (45), dimethylbenzylamine (29), triethylene-diamine (19)) can be precipitated from solvent extracts or purified aqueous solutions. 

Trams EG and Nadkarni MV (1956). Studies on the V-dealkylation of nitrogen mustard and triethylene-diamine by liver homogenates. Cancer Res, 16, 1069-1075. 

Figure 2. Second-order plot of reaction of diisocyanates and water in cellosolve acetate catalyzed by triethylene diamine at 50°C [RfNCO) .] = 0.12 g mol/kg [H,0] = 0.12 g mol/L [Dabco] = 0.004 g mol/L. Key , PPD1 O, MD1 CHDI , IPD1 A, HMDI A, NDI.

The catalyst used was Dabco 33LV (triethylene diamine). Preliminary studies indicate that Dabco 33LV is an efficient catalyst for HER. Although there is indication of good stability of 33LV in HER, the true stability and retention of activity are unknown. 

Dabco 33LV 33% Solution of triethylene diamine in dipropylene glycol Air Products... 

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